{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T06:23:57Z","timestamp":1792045437656,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1130280"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1130280"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Glia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Chronic neuropathic pain represents a significant global health burden and is hypothesized to be maintained by an altered astrocyte\u2010neuron interplay. Evidence of astrocyte contributions to neuropathic pain are derived from both post\u2010mortem immunohistochemical analyses and in\u00a0vivo pharmacological studies. These data cannot provide insights into dynamic changes in astrocytes within an individual as pain develops. Here, we present the first use of [\n                    <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                    F]\u2010SMBT\u20101, a radioisotope that binds monoamine oxidase\u2010B (MAO\u2010B) in reactive astrocytes, in a longitudinal (35\u2009days) study of the development of orofacial neuropathic pain. We used the chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (ION\u2010CCI) to produce orofacial neuropathic pain in adult male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats, which we compared to both sham\u2010injury and anesthesia controls. Between 14 and 28\u2009days following ION\u2010CCI, increases in SMBT\u20101 binding occurred in: the trigeminal nerve, ganglion and the spinal trigeminal nucleus; as well as the nucleus accumbens and dorsal striatum. Increased MAO\u2010B expression in these regions was confirmed using immunohistochemical analysis. MAO\u2010B expression was also confirmed in the ION, the trigeminal ganglion, and trigeminal root entry zone. These data provide evidence of regional and temporally specific increases in astrocyte reactivity, which may be critical for establishing chronic orofacial neuropathic pain. Longitudinal mapping of changes in astrocyte reactivity during the development of chronic orofacial neuropathic pain will provide an opportunity to test the potential of astrocyte specific compounds delivered at specific time points following nerve injury, to determine the key brain regions that could be targeted to prevent and\/or reverse the development of chronic neuropathic pain.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.70182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T17:13:56Z","timestamp":1781802836000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Longitudinal Tracking of Astrocyte Reactivity During the Development of Chronic Orofacial Neuropathic Pain Using [\n                    <scp>\n                      <sup>18<\/sup>\n                      F\n                    <\/scp>\n                    ]\u2010\n                    <scp>SMBT<\/scp>\n                    \u20101 Positron\u2010Emission Tomography"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Lewis S.","family":"Crawford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences [Neuroscience] The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Brain &amp; Mind Centre The University of Sydney  Camperdown New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James W. M.","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences [Neuroscience] The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Brain &amp; Mind Centre The University of Sydney  Camperdown New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"OIivia I.","family":"Davanzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences [Neuroscience] The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Brain &amp; Mind Centre The University of Sydney  Camperdown New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyunsol","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences [Neuroscience] The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Brain &amp; Mind Centre The University of Sydney  Camperdown New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Salberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marissa","family":"Srgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Crystal","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaelle M.","family":"Emvalomenos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences [Neuroscience] The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Brain &amp; Mind Centre The University of Sydney  Camperdown New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca","family":"Jupp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Radiopharmaceutical Research Laboratory The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne","family":"Noonan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Radiopharmaceutical Research Laboratory The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad B.","family":"Haskali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Radiopharmaceutical Research Laboratory The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richelle","family":"Mychasiuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences [Neuroscience] The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Brain &amp; Mind Centre The University of Sydney  Camperdown New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3934-4380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin A.","family":"Keay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences [Neuroscience] The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Brain &amp; Mind Centre The University of Sydney  Camperdown New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke A.","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences [Neuroscience] The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Brain &amp; Mind Centre The University of Sydney  Camperdown New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2768-15.2016","article-title":"Chronic Neuropathic Pain: It's About the Rhythm","volume":"36","author":"Alshelh Z.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2576","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4118-04.2005","article-title":"Multiple Interacting Sites of Ectopic Spike Electrogenesis in Primary Sensory Neurons","volume":"25","author":"Amir R.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186834","article-title":"Microglia\u2010Astrocyte Communication via C1q Contributes to Orofacial Neuropathic Pain Associated With Infraorbital Nerve Injury","volume":"21","author":"Asano S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/17448069231222403","article-title":"Involvement of Interferon Gamma Signaling in Spinal Trigeminal Caudal Subnucleus Astrocyte in Orofacial Neuropathic Pain in Rats With Infraorbital Nerve Injury","volume":"19","author":"Asano S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecular Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2009-S502","article-title":"Future Directions in Neuropathic Pain Therapy: Closing the Translational Loop","volume":"15","author":"Backonja M.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5699","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13575-7","article-title":"The SIGMA Rat Brain Templates and Atlases for Multimodal MRI Data Analysis and Visualization","volume":"10","author":"Barri\u00e8re D. A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0259-19.2019","article-title":"Changing the Way We Report, Interpret, and Discuss Our Results to Rebuild Trust in Our Research","volume":"6","author":"Bernard C.","year":"2019","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1378-z","article-title":"Sequential Alteration of Microglia and Astrocytes in the Rat Thalamus Following Spinal Nerve Ligation","volume":"15","author":"Blaszczyk L.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2818.2006.01706.x","article-title":"A Guided Tour Into Subcellular Colocalization Analysis in Light Microscopy","volume":"224","author":"Bolte S.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Microscopy"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.25103","article-title":"Sex Differences in Morphine Sensitivity Are Associated With Differential Glial Expression in the Brainstem of Rats With Neuropathic Pain","volume":"100","author":"Boorman D. C.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114116","article-title":"Learning Pain in Context: Response\u2010Conditioned Placebo Analgesia and Nocebo Hyperalgesia in Male Rats With Chronic Neuropathic Pain","volume":"263","author":"Boorman D. C.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Physiology & Behavior"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Estimation for Better Inference in Neuroscience","volume":"6","author":"Calin\u2010Jageman R. J.","year":"2019","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2024.08.057","article-title":"18 kDa Translocator Protein (TSPO) is Upregulated in Rat Brain After Peripheral Nerve Injury and Downregulated by Diroximel Fumarate","volume":"123","author":"Cazuza R. A.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-04-01169.2003","article-title":"Neuronal Hyperpolarization\u2010Activated Pacemaker Channels Drive Neuropathic Pain","volume":"23","author":"Chaplan S. R.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-007-0409-3","article-title":"Hyperalgesia in Response to Traumatic Occlusion and GFAP Expression in Rat Parabrachial [Correction of Parabranchial] Nucleus: Modulation With Fluorocitrate","volume":"329","author":"Chen J.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell and Tissue Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-019-0813-1","article-title":"Descending Control Mechanisms and Chronic Pain","volume":"21","author":"Chen Q.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Current Rheumatology Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04223","article-title":"BDNF From Microglia Causes the Shift in Neuronal Anion Gradient Underlying Neuropathic Pain","volume":"438","author":"Coull J. A.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14740","article-title":"Glial Activation in Pain and Emotional Processing Regions in the Nitroglycerin Mouse Model of Chronic Migraine","volume":"64","author":"Cropper H. C.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2002.1155","article-title":"Novel Neuronal and Astrocytic Mechanisms in Thalamocortical Loop Dynamics","volume":"357","author":"Crunelli V.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-9912-1-27","article-title":"Isoflurane Does Not Cause Neuroapoptosis but Reduces Astroglial Processes in Young Adult Mice","volume":"1","author":"Dallasen R. M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Medical Gas Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2013.00377.x","article-title":"Implication of the Chemokine CCL2 in Trigeminal Nociception and Traumatic Neuropathic Orofacial Pain","volume":"18","author":"Dauvergne C.","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Journal of Pain"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2013.03.019","article-title":"Oxaliplatin\u2010Induced Oxidative Stress in Nervous System\u2010Derived Cellular Models: Could It Correlate With In\u00a0Vivo Neuropathy?","volume":"61","author":"Di Cesare Mannelli L.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Free Radical Biology & Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034513498898","article-title":"Astrocytes Are Involved in Trigeminal Dynamic Mechanical Allodynia: Potential Role of D\u2010Serine","volume":"92","author":"Dieb W.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22571","article-title":"Satellite Glial Cell Proliferation in the Trigeminal Ganglia After Chronic Constriction Injury of the Infraorbital Nerve","volume":"61","author":"Donegan M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","first-page":"299","article-title":"Brainstem Mechanisms of Persistent Pain Following Injury","volume":"18","author":"Dubner R.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Orofacial Pain"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00040","article-title":"Activation of Astrocytes and Microglial Cells and CCL2\/CCR2 Upregulation in the Dorsolateral and Ventrolateral Nuclei of Periaqueductal Gray and Rostral Ventromedial Medulla Following Different Types of Sciatic Nerve Injury","volume":"12","author":"Dubov\u00fd P.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","volume-title":"Orofacial Pain: Recent Advances in Assessment, Management, and Understanding of Mechanisms","author":"Eliav E.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000003247","article-title":"Recent Developments and Challenges in Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Gliosis in Chronic Neuropathic Pain","volume":"165","author":"Emvalomenos G. M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynpai.2024.100175","article-title":"Evidence for Glial Reactivity Using Positron\u2010Emission Tomography Imaging of Translocator Protein\u201018 kD [TSPO] in Both Sham and Nerve\u2010Injured Rats in a Preclinical Model of Orofacial Neuropathic Pain","volume":"17","author":"Emvalomenos G. M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Pain"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2018.08.010","article-title":"Glial\u2010Cytokine\u2010Neuronal Adaptations in the Ventral Hippocampus of Rats With Affective Behavioral Changes Following Peripheral Nerve Injury","volume":"390","author":"Fiore N. T.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2014.06.002","article-title":"The Economic Costs of Chronic Pain Among a Cohort of Treatment\u2010Seeking Adolescents in the United States","volume":"15","author":"Groenewald C. B.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Pain"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6006","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0176-07.2007","article-title":"Glial\u2010Cytokine\u2010Neuronal Interactions Underlying the Mechanisms of Persistent Pain","volume":"27","author":"Guo W.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2006.12.005","article-title":"The Tripartite Synapse: Roles for Gliotransmission in Health and Disease","volume":"13","author":"Halassa M. M.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends in Molecular Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.2217\/pmt.15.67","article-title":"How Do Neuroanatomical Changes in Individuals With Chronic Pain Result in the Constant Perception of Pain?","volume":"6","author":"Henderson L. A.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain Management"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0470-3","article-title":"Moving Beyond P Values: Data Analysis With Estimation Graphics","volume":"16","author":"Ho J.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Methods"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2513","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13847","article-title":"The Role of Astrocyte\u2010Neuron Lactate Shuttle in Neuropathic Orofacial Pain","volume":"51","author":"Hu Y.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Oral Rehabilitation"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53839-0.00010-7","article-title":"Infraslow (<0.1 Hz) Oscillations in Thalamic Relay Nuclei Basic Mechanisms and Significance to Health and Disease States","volume":"193","author":"Hughes S. W.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Progress in Brain Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(95)00015-K","article-title":"Unilateral Decrease in Thalamic Activity Observed With Positron Emission Tomography in Patients With Chronic Neuropathic Pain","volume":"63","author":"Iadarola M. J.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-025-01977-6","article-title":"Optogenetic Inhibition of Ventrolateral Orbitofrontal Cortex Astrocytes Facilitates Ventrolateral Periaqueductal Gray Glutamatergic Activity to Reduce Hypersensitivity in Infraorbital Nerve Injury Rat Model","volume":"26","author":"Islam J.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Headache and Pain"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02283-z","article-title":"Tissue\u2010Resident M2 Macrophages Directly Contact Primary Sensory Neurons in the Sensory Ganglia After Nerve Injury","volume":"18","author":"Iwai H.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034519875724","article-title":"The Evolution of Neuroscience as a Research Field Relevant to Dentistry","volume":"98","author":"Iwata K.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-024-02712-2","article-title":"Characterization of Monoamine Oxidase\u2010B (MAO\u2010B) as a Biomarker of Reactive Astrogliosis in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias","volume":"147","author":"Jaisa\u2010Aad M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7","article-title":"Global, Regional, and National Incidence, Prevalence, and Years Lived With Disability for 354 Diseases and Injuries for 195 Countries and Territories, 1990\u20132017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","author":"James S. L.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.06.148","article-title":"Inhibition of MCP\u20101\/CCR2 Pathway Ameliorates the Development of Diabetic Nephropathy","volume":"360","author":"Kanamori H.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2024.03.022","article-title":"Infraorbital Nerve Injury Triggers Sex\u2010Specific Neuroimmune Responses in the Peripheral Trigeminal Pathway and Common Pain Behaviours","volume":"118","author":"Kang J. W. M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1723","article-title":"Distinct Roles of Matrix Metalloproteases in the Early\u2010 and Late\u2010Phase Development of Neuropathic Pain","volume":"14","author":"Kawasaki Y.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(02)00372-X","article-title":"Role of Primary Afferent Nerves in Allodynia Caused by Diabetic Neuropathy in Rats","volume":"114","author":"Khan G. M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(89)90218-2","article-title":"Demonstration of Monoamine Oxidase\u2010A and \u2010B in the Human Brainstem by A Histochemical Technique","volume":"33","author":"Konradi C.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-020-01850-4","article-title":"Bilateral Activation of Glial Cells and Cellular Distribution of the Chemokine CCL2 and Its Receptor CCR2 in the Trigeminal Subnucleus Caudalis of Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain Model","volume":"153","author":"Kub\u00ed\u010dkov\u00e1 L.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Histochemistry and Cell Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8489","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2552-08.2008","article-title":"Differential Implication of Proinflammatory Cytokine Interleukin\u20106 in the Development of Cephalic Versus Extracephalic Neuropathic Pain in Rats","volume":"28","author":"Latr\u00e9moli\u00e8re A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.5607\/en22016","article-title":"Generation of Astrocyte\u2010Specific MAOB Conditional Knockout Mouse With Minimal Tonic GABA Inhibition","volume":"31","author":"Lee J. M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Experimental Neurobiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3472","DOI":"10.62347\/DUFQ3980","article-title":"Effect of General Anesthesia Drugs on GFAP\/Iba\u20101 Expression: A Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"16","author":"Liu D.","year":"2024","journal-title":"American Journal of Translational Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-6606-5-44","article-title":"Orofacial Neuropathic Pain Mouse Model Induced by Trigeminal Inflammatory Compression (TIC) of the Infraorbital Nerve","volume":"5","author":"Ma F.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecular Brain"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13627","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13561-3","article-title":"A Role for the Purinergic Receptor P2X(3) in Astrocytes in the Mechanism of Craniofacial Neuropathic Pain","volume":"7","author":"Mah W.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.103.3.857","article-title":"Dynamics of Three\u2010Dimensional Replication Patterns During the S\u2010Phase, Analysed by Double Labelling of DNA and Confocal Microscopy","volume":"103","author":"Manders E. M.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11121561","article-title":"Modulation of Hippocampal Astroglial Activity by Synaptamide in Rats With Neuropathic Pain","volume":"11","author":"Manzhulo I.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2012.00255.x","article-title":"Remodelling of Supraspinal Neuroglial Network in Neuropathic Pain is Featured by a Reactive Gliosis of the Nociceptive Amygdala","volume":"17","author":"Marcello L.","year":"2013","journal-title":"European Journal of Pain"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100040","article-title":"Photobiomodulation and B Vitamins Administration Produces Antinociception in an Orofacial Pain Model Through the Modulation of Glial Cells and Cytokines Expression","volume":"2","author":"Martins D. O.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2009.12.001","article-title":"Heterogeneity in Astrocyte Morphology and Physiology","volume":"63","author":"Matyash V.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Research Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2021.758251","article-title":"Characterizing Sex Differences in Depressive\u2010Like Behavior and Glial Brain Cell Changes Following Peripheral Nerve Injury in Mice","volume":"15","author":"Michailidis V.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.05.035","article-title":"Immunohistochemical Comparison of Astrocytic Mglur5 Upregulation in Infraorbital Nerve\u2010 Versus Sciatic Nerve\u2010Ligated Rat","volume":"653","author":"Michot B.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6724","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-15-06724.2002","article-title":"Partial Peripheral Nerve Injury Promotes a Selective Loss of GABAergic Inhibition in the Superficial Dorsal Horn of the Spinal Cord","volume":"22","author":"Moore K. A.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.01.045","article-title":"Anatomically Specific Patterns of Glial Activation in the Periaqueductal Gray of the Sub\u2010Population of Rats Showing Pain and Disability Following Chronic Constriction Injury of the Sciatic Nerve","volume":"166","author":"Mor D.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.33696\/Signaling.6.134","article-title":"Monoamine Oxidase B in Astrocytic Gaba Synthesis: A Central Mechanism in Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation","volume":"6","author":"Naffaa M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Cellular Signaling"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00401","article-title":"Astrocyte Activation in Locus Coeruleus Is Involved in Neuropathic Pain Exacerbation Mediated by Maternal Separation and Social Isolation Stress","volume":"8","author":"Nakamoto K.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2023.02.005","article-title":"Emerging Role of Microglia and Astrocyte in the Affective\u2010Motivational Response Induced by a Rat Model of Persistent Orofacial Pain","volume":"195","author":"Nascimento G. C.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Research Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2021.04.034","article-title":"Astrogliosis in Juvenile Non\u2010Human Primates 2\u2009Years After Infant Anaesthesia Exposure","volume":"127","author":"Neudecker V.","year":"2021","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2009.91","article-title":"Stress and Il\u20101beta Contribute to the Development of Depressive\u2010Like Behavior Following Peripheral Nerve Injury","volume":"15","author":"Norman G. J.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001521","article-title":"Differential Activation of Ascending Noxious Pathways Associated With Trigeminal Nerve Injury","volume":"160","author":"Okada S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11161","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3365-09.2009","article-title":"Astroglia in Medullary Dorsal Horn (Trigeminal Spinal Subnucleus Caudalis) Are Involved in Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain Mechanisms","volume":"29","author":"Okada\u2010Ogawa A.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3897","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200112210-00008","article-title":"Pacemaker Calcium Oscillations in Thalamic Astrocytes In\u00a0Situ","volume":"12","author":"Parri H. R.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","volume-title":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","author":"Paxinos G. W. C.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12029","article-title":"Microglia and Monocytes Synergistically Promote the Transition From Acute to Chronic Pain After Nerve Injury","volume":"7","author":"Peng J.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.108903","article-title":"Metformin Alleviates Prolonged Isoflurane Inhalation Induced Cognitive Decline via Reducing Neuroinflammation in Adult Mice","volume":"109","author":"Peng L.","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Immunopharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2005.12.023","article-title":"Activation of Glia and Microglial p38 MAPK in Medullary Dorsal Horn Contributes to Tactile Hypersensitivity Following Trigeminal Sensory Nerve Injury","volume":"121","author":"Piao Z. G.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.745178","article-title":"Delta Opioid Receptor in Astrocytes Contributes to Neuropathic Cold Pain and Analgesic Tolerance in Female Mice","volume":"15","author":"Reiss D.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpain.2023.1150749","article-title":"Preclinical Orofacial Pain Assays and Measures and Chronic Primary Orofacial Pain Research: Where We Are and Where We Need to Go","volume":"4","author":"Sadighparvar S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pain Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0592","article-title":"What Do We Know About Gliotransmitter Release From Astrocytes?","volume":"369","author":"Sahlender D. A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.03.024","article-title":"Ascending Projections of Nociceptive Neurons From Trigeminal Subnucleus Caudalis: A Population Approach","volume":"293","author":"Saito H.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Experimental Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(96)83013-2","article-title":"Molecular Neuroanatomy of Human Monoamine Oxidases A and B Revealed by Quantitative Enzyme Radioautography and In\u00a0Situ Hybridization Histochemistry","volume":"70","author":"Saura J.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20374","article-title":"Astrocyte Calcium Waves: What They Are and What They Do","volume":"54","author":"Scemes E.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2006.01623.x","article-title":"Mechanisms of Oral Somatosensory and Motor Functions and Their Clinical Correlates","volume":"33","author":"Sessle B. J.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Oral Rehabilitation"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10833","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5628-11.2012","article-title":"Chronic\u2010Pain\u2010Associated Astrocytic Reaction in the Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn of Human Immunodeficiency Virus\u2010Infected Patients","volume":"32","author":"Shi Y.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.119828","article-title":"Detailed Organisation of the Human Midbrain Periaqueductal Grey Revealed Using Ultra\u2010High Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging","volume":"266","author":"Tinoco mendoza F. A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2011.07747.x","article-title":"Modulation of Astroglial Glutamine Synthetase Activity Affects Nociceptive Behaviour and Central Sensitization of Medullary Dorsal Horn Nociceptive Neurons in a Rat Model of Chronic Pulpitis","volume":"34","author":"Tsuboi Y.","year":"2011","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00007.2013","article-title":"Mechanisms of Glutamate Transport","volume":"93","author":"Vandenberg R. J.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiological Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2020.08.052","article-title":"Effects of Sevoflurane Anaesthesia on Radioligand Binding to Monoamine Oxidase\u2010B In\u00a0Vivo","volume":"126","author":"Varnas K.","year":"2021","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e336","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000003616","article-title":"Sex\u2010Related Differences in Cannabidiol's Antinociceptive Efficacy in a Trigeminal Neuralgia Rodent Model","volume":"166","author":"Vivanco\u2010Estela A.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2708","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-05-02708.1994","article-title":"Behavioral Evidence of Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain Following Chronic Constriction Injury to the Rat's Infraorbital Nerve","volume":"14","author":"Vos B. P.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903570304","article-title":"Fos Expression in the Medullary Dorsal Horn of the Rat After Chronic Constriction Injury to the Infraorbital Nerve","volume":"357","author":"Vos B. P.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.2174\/1876386301003010144","article-title":"Contribution of Primary Afferent Input to Trigeminal Astroglial Hyperactivity, Cytokine Induction and NMDA Receptor Phosphorylation","volume":"2010","author":"Wang H.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Open Pain J"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000001238","article-title":"Sevoflurane Inhibits Glutamate\u2010Aspartate Transporter and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Expression in Hippocampal Astrocytes of Neonatal Rats Through the Janus Kinase\/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK\/STAT) Pathway","volume":"123","author":"Wang W.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006973","article-title":"Crosstalk Between Spinal Astrocytes and Neurons in Nerve Injury\u2010Induced Neuropathic Pain","volume":"4","author":"Wang W.","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27052142","article-title":"Doxazosin Alleviates Chronic Orofacial Pain","volume":"27","author":"Westlund K. N.","year":"2026","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902640108","article-title":"Somatosensory Projection to the Mesencephalon: An Anatomical Study in the Monkey","volume":"264","author":"Wiberg M.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.4196\/kjpp.2018.22.3.331","article-title":"Preemptive Application of QX\u2010314 Attenuates Trigeminal Neuropathic Mechanical Allodynia in Rats","volume":"22","author":"Yoon J. H.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.11.008","article-title":"Differential Brain Activity in Subjects With Painful Trigeminal Neuropathy and Painful Temporomandibular Disorder","volume":"155","author":"Youssef A. M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.01150","article-title":"Preceding Administration of Minocycline Suppresses Plastic Changes in Cortical Excitatory Propagation in the Model Rat With Partial Infraorbital Nerve Ligation","volume":"10","author":"Zama M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2023.05.020","article-title":"Activation and Polarization of Striatal Microglia and Astrocytes Are Involved in Bradykinesia and Allodynia in Early\u2010Stage Parkinsonian Mice","volume":"4","author":"Zhang X.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fundamental Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-01936-9","article-title":"Maternal Sevoflurane Exposure Affects Differentiation of Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells by Regulating miR\u2010410\u20103p and ATN1","volume":"11","author":"Zhang Y.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cell Research & Therapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3551","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5290-05.2006","article-title":"A Peptide C\u2010Jun N\u2010Terminal Kinase (JNK) Inhibitor Blocks Mechanical Allodynia After Spinal Nerve Ligation: Respective Roles of Jnk Activation in Primary Sensory Neurons and Spinal Astrocytes for Neuropathic Pain Development and Maintenance","volume":"26","author":"Zhuang Z. Y.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(83)90201-4","article-title":"Ethical Guidelines for Investigations of Experimental Pain in Conscious Animals","volume":"16","author":"Zimmermann M.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Pain"}],"container-title":["Glia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/glia.70182","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/glia.70182","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/glia.70182","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T17:14:08Z","timestamp":1781802848000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/glia.70182"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"references-count":102,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/glia.70182"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/glia.70182","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0894-1491","1098-1136"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0894-1491","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-1136","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70182"}}