{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T05:00:42Z","timestamp":1785214842001,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Glia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Sensory neurons express extrasynaptic GABA\n                    <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptors in their soma and axon, tonically activated by ambient GABA, modulating their excitability. However, the specific glial or neuronal origin of endogenous GABA that modulates this excitability has yet to be identified. We investigated the expression and function of enzymes involved in GABA synthesis via the ornithine\u2010putrescine and glutamic acid pathways, and the effects of inhibiting these enzymes on the compound action potential (cAP) of primary afferent fibers. PCR analysis revealed that the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) express transcripts for ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), monoamine oxidase B (MAOB), diamine oxidase (DAO), and GAD65\/67. Immunofluorescence assays confirmed the expression of ODC, MAOB, DAO, and GAT\u20103 proteins, as well as GABA in satellite glial cells (SGC). In contrast, neurons express DAO and ODC. However, despite the presence of GAD65 and GAD67 mRNAs, their corresponding proteins were not detected. Inhibition of ODC and MAOB, but not DAO or GAD, prevented the accumulation of GABA induced by the GABA transaminase (GABA\u2010T) inhibitor aminooxy acetic acid in SGC cultures. Additionally, the Best1 channel blocker CaCCinh suppressed the K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010induced release of [\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    H]GABA in DRG and SGC cultures. Blocking GABA\n                    <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptors with picrotoxin, inhibiting MAOB, and blocking Best1 all increased cAP. However, allylglycine, a GAD inhibitor, failed to elicit this effect. Likewise, the use of selegiline and CaCCinh on cAP occluded the effects of picrotoxin. These results support that GABA synthesized and released by satellite glial cells activates extrasynaptic GABA\n                    <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptors, thereby modulating the excitability of sensory neurons.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.70190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T04:55:56Z","timestamp":1784609756000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Satellite Glial Cells Synthesize and Release\n                    <scp>GABA<\/scp>\n                    to Activate Extrasynaptic\n                    <scp>\n                      GABA\n                      <sub>A<\/sub>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Receptors That Modulate Dorsal Root Ganglia Neuron Excitability"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8362-9442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie","family":"Jim\u00e9nez\u2010Barrios","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility \u201cDr. Manuel Gea Gonz\u00e1lez\u201d General Hospital  Mexico City Mexico"},{"name":"Center for Research on Aging, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco Javier","family":"Paz\u2010Berm\u00fadez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guadalupe","family":"Raya\u2010Tafolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Segovia","family":"Vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Felix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Delgado\u2010Lezama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjam\u00edn Flor\u00e1n","family":"Gardu\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute  Mexico City 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