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Myelin allows saltatory transmission of action potentials along axons and functionally relies on its unique constitution. We previously reported that Cdk7, a regulator of cell cycle progression and transcription, regulates myelin gene expression in oligodendrocytes and contributes to myelin maintenance in the central nervous system. Using mice with conditional Cdk7 knock\u2010out in SCs, we provide evidence that Cdk7 is dispensable for myelin initiation but needed for the correct myelin thickness of larger caliber fibers in young mice, as well as for myelin elongation and rapid nerve conduction throughout age. We report that Cdk7 loss results in disturbed myelin stoichiometry, with significant dysregulation of lipid\u2010related genes in SCs and a reduction in myelin protein zero. Finally, we demonstrate that Rxr\u03b3, a nuclear receptor involved in lipid metabolism, is significantly downregulated in the absence of Cdk7. However, although Cdk7 regulates myelin segment length, our results indicate that this effect occurs independently of Rxr\u03b3 in myelinating dorsal root ganglion explants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.70194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T07:35:31Z","timestamp":1784878531000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cdk7 Regulates Myelin Sheath Morphology and Lipid Homeostasis in Schwann Cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6582-5339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalie","family":"Schumacher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapies, GIGA Institute Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge  Li\u00e8ge 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