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Now M\u00fcller glia are generally accepted as transcriptionally heterogeneous, and new evidence suggests functional diversity may exist in the way these cells respond to retinal injury. It remains unclear, however, whether this functional heterogeneity is limited to a transient phenotype that stems from injury or a fundamental feature of the healthy retina. Here, we investigate M\u00fcller glia heterogeneity in the uninjured zebrafish retina across development and adulthood using a comprehensive single\u2010cell transcriptomic atlas of the 5\u2009days post\u2010fertilization (dpf) eye, validated in\u00a0vivo and integrated with 9 dpf and adult datasets. We reveal three constitutive subpopulations of M\u00fcller glia that persist from early larval stages into adulthood: (1) a proliferative and immature population in both the peripheral and central retina; (2) a novel cohort of neuron\u2010associated M\u00fcller glia that express coherent transcriptional programs specific to distinct neuronal subtypes, including retinal ganglion, amacrine, and horizontal cells; and (3) spatially distinct M\u00fcller glia subsets that appear to define a dorso\u2010ventral axis of retinoic acid metabolism, bisected by a novel\n                    <jats:italic>cyp26c1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010expressing equatorial domain. Finally, cross\u2010species analysis reveals that while neuron\u2010associated programs are evolutionarily conserved in mammals, the spatial patterning of morphogens in adult retinae may be specific to the teleost lineage. Collectively, these findings provide robust evidence for intrinsic functional heterogeneity in the uninjured vertebrate retina, reframing M\u00fcller glia from a general support population to a specialized cellular network that actively maintains retinal geography and function.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.70220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T03:20:30Z","timestamp":1788924030000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["M\u00fcller Glia Subtypes Define Neuro\u2010Glial Associations and Spatial Morphogen Axes in the Zebrafish Retina"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8698-5853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel S.","family":"Storey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital 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