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We report that disrupting oligodendrocyte (OL) and myelin maintenance from P57 (\n                    <jats:italic>Plp\u2010CreER<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>T2<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    ::\n                    <jats:italic>Myrf<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>fl\/fl<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    mice) induces myelin loss and impairs action potential conduction and gross motor performance. By studying sparsely labeled layer V pyramidal neurons in the primary motor cortex of P57\u2009+\u200960 mice, we determined that apical and basal dendritic spine densities were normal; however, more were large, stable mushroom spines that generated larger amplitude miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents. When we instead prevented OL and myelin addition from P57 (\n                    <jats:italic>Pdgfr\u03b1\u2010CreER:: Myrf<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>fl\/fl<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    mice), action potential conduction velocity, gross motor performance, and spine densities were normal; however, basal dendritic spine morphology was changed. Without adult myelination, the basal dendrites of P57\u2009+\u200960 mice retained the morphological characteristics of dendrites in P57\u2009+\u20090 mice, which have a higher proportion of thin, plastic spines. These data indicate that existing myelin imposes limits on the proportion of spines that become mushroom spines, allowing neurons to remain plastic, while adult myelination is required for spine stabilization within the basal but not apical dendritic compartment. These data show that myelin regulates synaptic plasticity within the motor circuit and offer a potential mechanism by which myelination can influence motor skill learning and\/or recall.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.70239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T05:19:37Z","timestamp":1791782377000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Myelin Maintenance and Addition Regulate Synaptic Plasticity in the Adult Mouse Cortex"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Renee E.","family":"Pepper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania  Hobart Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalina","family":"Makowiecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania  Hobart Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberley A.","family":"Pitman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania  Hobart Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8722-8021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raphael","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania  Hobart Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5138-9218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela L.","family":"Nicoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania  Hobart Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phuong Tram","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania  Hobart Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine A.","family":"Blizzard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania  Hobart Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9132-3045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben","family":"Emery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Health and Science University  Portland Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6929-6258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlie L.","family":"Cullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania  Hobart Australia"},{"name":"Mater Research Institute The University of Queensland  Woolloongabba Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1686-3463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaylene M.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania  Hobart Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.07.030","article-title":"Enhancing Motor Learning by Increasing the Stability of Newly Formed Dendritic Spines in the Motor Cortex","volume":"109","author":"Albarran E.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.564351","article-title":"Low\u2010Density Lipoprotein Receptor\u2010Related Protein 1 (LRP1) is a Negative Regulator of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Differentiation in the Adult Mouse Brain","volume":"8","author":"Auderset L.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cell and Development Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-0637-3","article-title":"Motor Learning Promotes Remyelination via New and Surviving Oligodendrocytes","volume":"23","author":"Bacmeister C. 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