{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:45:30Z","timestamp":1790768730744,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,8]],"date-time":"2004-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1089244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Geriat Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of the present study was to assess olfactory dysfunction in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to compare utility of the olfactory tests as possible clinical markers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two olfactory identification tests (The Cross\u2010Cultural Smell Identification Test [CC\u2010SIT] and the Picture\u2010based Smell Identification Test [P\u2010SIT]) and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) were administered to patients with AD and age\u2010matched controls. Apolipoprotein E (Apo E) genotypes of patients with AD were identified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with AD had significantly lower olfactory identification scores than age\u2010matched non\u2010demented elderly subjects in both olfactory assessments. In the AD group, the coefficient of correlation between the MMSE scores and the P\u2010SIT scores was higher than that between the MMSE scores and the CC\u2010SIT scores. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analyses for both tests indicated that the P\u2010SIT discriminated AD patients from controls more reliably than did the CC\u2010SIT. Within AD patients, those who were carrying one or two ApoE \u03b54 alleles had a higher coefficient of correlation between the MMSE scores and the P\u2010SIT scores than patients without the ApoE \u03b54 allele.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results suggest that a short and simple non\u2010lexical olfactory identification test can be useful as a clinical marker of AD appropriate for Japanese elderly population. Copyright \u00a9 2004 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,8]],"date-time":"2004-07-08T17:05:16Z","timestamp":1089306316000},"page":"727-733","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Smell identification test as an indicator for cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's 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