{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T11:08:37Z","timestamp":1788779317469,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,19]],"date-time":"2008-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1213833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Geriat Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To investigate the relationship between features of the MMSE written sentence and cognitive function, depression and disability.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n MMSE sentences from 191 community dwelling individuals without dementia from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1921 (LBC1921) study were: (a) photocopied and (b) typed as written. Sentences were rated for objective criteria: word number and frequency, first person usage, time orientation, and letter case. Twenty healthy raters (50% male, age 20\u201326 years), blind to all other data, rated each handwritten and typed sentence for subjective criteria: legibility, \u2018emotional\u2019 tone (positive to negative), estimated age, health, and intelligence. As part of the LBC1921 volunteers had results available for cognitive ability tests (from which we extracted a general cognitive ability factor,\n g<\/jats:italic>\n ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score (HADS), and Townsend disability scores.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n 43.5% of subjects were male, mean age 78.6, SD 0.43 years. There was no significant association between the objective sentence criteria, legibility or tone and measured cognitive ability or physical disability. However, estimates of intelligence from the MMSE written sentence correlated significantly with current cognitive ability (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.29,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001). There was a trend towards sentences with a negative tone being associated with a higher HADS\u2010depression score (rho\u2009=\u2009\u22120.12,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.09).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n In community dwelling people aged around 80 years, despite no association between objectively rated features of the MMSE sentence and intelligence or disability, raters were able to make better\u2010than\u2010chance estimates of subjects' intelligence test scores. Copyright \u00a9 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,19]],"date-time":"2008-06-19T04:23:53Z","timestamp":1213849433000},"page":"1283-1289","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Is there information contained within the sentence\u2010writing component of the mini mental state examination? A retrospective study of community dwelling older people"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Susan D.","family":"Shenkin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Starr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne M.","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian J.","family":"Deary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(01)00296-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.588"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03500180078038"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000238520.06958.6a"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.86.1.130"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2003.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000154530.72969.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(96)00102-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Computational Analysis of Present\u2010Day American English","author":"Ku\u010dera H","year":"1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Neuropsychological Assessment","author":"Lezak MD","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1017\/S0790966700008557","article-title":"A retrospective analysis of the sentence writing component of Folstein's MMSE","volume":"21","author":"McCarthy F","year":"2004","journal-title":"Irish J Pyschologic Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/27.5.605"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"NART Test Manual (Part II)","author":"Nelson HE","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Linguistic predictors of adaptive bereavement","volume":"55","author":"Pennebaker JW","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Personality Soc Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.85.2.291"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39350.707870.AD"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Manual for Raven's Progressive Matrices and Vocabulary Scales","author":"Raven JC","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.00512_8.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.525"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-1-29"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530310034029"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"The Intelligence of Scottish Children. 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