{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T20:31:31Z","timestamp":1761597091595},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,8]],"date-time":"2008-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1215475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Geriat Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Insulin degradation pathways may be related to Alzheimer's disease pathology. In preliminary analyses, we considered the relation of combined lower insulin secretion (c\u2010peptide) and higher insulin\u2013\u2013possibly a phenotype for impaired insulin degradation\u2013\u2013to cognitive decline.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fasting plasma c\u2010peptide and insulin were measured in 1,187 non\u2010diabetic Nurses' Health Study participants (mean age\u2009=\u200964 years). Cognitive testing began 10 years later. Participants completed three repeated assessments (over an average span of 4.4 years) of verbal memory, a strong predictor of Alzheimer disease development. C\u2010peptide and insulin distributions were dichotomized at their medians to create four cross\u2010tabulated categories. Multivariable linear mixed effects models were used to relate c\u2010peptide\/insulin categories to cognitive decline.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to the lower c\u2010peptide\/lower insulin group, women with lower c\u2010peptide\/higher insulin had a significantly faster rate of verbal memory decline: the mean difference was \u20100.05\u2009units\/year (95% CI \u20100.09,\u20100.01). This mean difference was similar to that which we found for women 5 years apart in age, indicating that having a profile of lower c\u2010peptide\/higher insulin appeared cognitively equivalent to aging by five years on tests of verbal memory. For women with higher c\u2010peptide\/higher insulin, the estimated mean difference in decline compared to those in the lower c\u2010peptide\/lower insulin group was statistically significant, but slightly lower, at \u22120.04 units\/year (95% CI: \u20100.07,\u20100.02).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These preliminary analyses of a possible phenotype of impaired insulin degradation provide supportive evidence that deficits in insulin degradation may be related to late\u2010life verbal memory decline. Copyright \u00a9 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,8]],"date-time":"2008-07-08T15:32:50Z","timestamp":1215531170000},"page":"177-182","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A profile of impaired insulin degradation in relation to late\u2010life cognitive decline: A preliminary investigation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Olivia I.","family":"Okereke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dennis J.","family":"Selkoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael N.","family":"Pollak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meir J.","family":"Stampfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank B.","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan E.","family":"Hankinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francine","family":"Grodstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459109150691"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"111","article-title":"The telephone interview for cognitive status","volume":"1","author":"Brandt J","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neuropsych Neuropsychol Behav Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.12.1847"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.9.853"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"608","article-title":"Insulin degradation: progress and potential","volume":"19","author":"Duckworth WC","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.27.1.S170"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0230450100"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.45.6.742"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1072994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(87)90044-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108047"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.22.2462"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M609168200"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529876"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30500"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2006.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(85)90059-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.14.1651"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.33.5.486"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.2000.278.5.E759"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fgps.2089","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/gps.2089","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T00:30:34Z","timestamp":1699921834000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/gps.2089"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,8]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/gps.2089"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.2089","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-6230","1099-1166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-6230","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1166","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,8]]}}}