{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:17:43Z","timestamp":1780359463424,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,12]],"date-time":"2009-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1236816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Geriat Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to examine a longitudinal relationship between depression status and functional decline among Japanese community\u2010dwelling older adults, using a 12\u2010year population\u2010based, prospective cohort study design.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 710 men and women, aged 65 years and over, participated in the study. Katz's Index and the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence were used to measure the functional capacities of basic activities of daily living (BADL) and higher\u2010level competence, respectively. For the purpose of analysis, a decline in each subscale of functional capacity during the follow\u2010up period were used as outcome variables; depression status assessed by the Japanese version of the 30\u2010item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), with a cut\u2010off of 11, was used as an independent variable; and age, gender, education level, history of chronic disease, hospitalization, smoking, physical activity, living alone, hearing problems, physical pain, dietary habits, and usual walking speed at baseline were used as covariates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Use of the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for potential confounders showed that depression status was significantly and independently associated with BADL decline (risk ratio (RR)\u2009=\u20091.46, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13\u20131.89) and with higher\u2010level competence decline (RR\u2009=\u20091.56, 95% CI: 1.18\u20132.04).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study found an independent relationship between depression status and longitudinal change in functional capacity among community\u2010dwelling older individuals, suggesting that depression status is a reliable predictor of functional decline (both of BADL decline and higher\u2010level competence decline) in older adults. Copyright \u00a9 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,12]],"date-time":"2009-03-12T07:51:58Z","timestamp":1236844318000},"page":"1192-1200","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Depression status as a reliable predictor of functional decline among Japanese community\u2010dwelling older adults: a 12\u2010year population\u2010based prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Hajime","family":"Iwasa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu","family":"Kumagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazushige","family":"Ihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideyo","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takao","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1735"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e31802e21d8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.11.1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J018v01n01_06"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1992.tb02103.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.84.11.1796"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1292"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53461.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1996.tb06403.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.1.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2007.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-200003000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-200007000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"468","article-title":"Functional capacity of the elderly: measurement by the TMIG index of competence","volume":"40","author":"Koyano W","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi (Japanese Journal of Public Health)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4943(91)90053-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"Effect of food intake pattern on all\u2010cause mortality in the community elderly: a 7\u2010year longitudinal study","volume":"3","author":"Kumagai S","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0594.2003.00092.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2005.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602314"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2007.01066.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","first-page":"122","volume-title":"Research, Planning, and Action for Elderly: the Power and Potential of Social Science","author":"Lawton MP","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53202.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.930080306"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.16.2064"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"A Japanese translation of the Geriatric Depression Scale","volume":"10","author":"Niino N","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Gerontol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.7.M448"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(00)00152-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.21.1720"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.89.9.1346"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2008000400019"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","first-page":"117","article-title":"Homeboundness in the elderly","volume":"45","author":"Shinkai S","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi (Japanese Journal of Geristrics)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","first-page":"874","article-title":"Predictors for the onset of different types of homeboundness among community\u2010living older adults: two\u2010year prospective study","volume":"52","author":"Shinkai S","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi (Japanese Journal of Public Health)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(98)00370-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0594.2003.00090.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.7.1127"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.10.1556"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2002.50408.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JGP.0000224364.70515.12"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fgps.2245","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/gps.2245","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T02:18:24Z","timestamp":1699928304000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/gps.2245"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,22]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/gps.2245"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.2245","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-6230","1099-1166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-6230","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1166","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,22]]}}}