{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T05:55:22Z","timestamp":1791006922485,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,14]],"date-time":"2011-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1297641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Geriat Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The CES\u2010D is an instrument that is commonly used to screen for depression in community\u2010based studies of the elderly, but the characteristics of the CES\u2010D in a residential home population have not yet been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the criterion validity and the predictive power of the CES\u2010D for both depressive and anxiety disorders in a vulnerable, very old population living in residential homes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two hundred seventy seven residents were screened with the CES\u2010D, and subsequently interviewed with a diagnostic instrument, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Instrument (MINI). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value of the CES\u2010D were calculated by cross\u2010tabulation at different cut\u2010off scores. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves were used to assess the optimal cut\u2010off point for each disorder and to asses the predictive power of the instrument.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a residential home population the CES\u2010D had satisfactory criterion validity for depressive disorders and for any combination of depressive and\/or anxiety disorders. With a desired sensitivity of at least 80%, the optimal cut\u2010off scores varied between 18 and 22. The predictive power of the CES\u2010D in this population was best for major depression and dysthymia (Area Under the Curve, AUC 0.87), closely followed by the score for any combination of depressive and\/or anxiety disorder (AUC 0.86).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of one single instrument to screen for both depression and anxiety disorders at the same time has obvious advantages in this very old population. The CES\u2010D seems to be a suitable instrument for this purpose.<\/jats:p><jats:p> Copyright \u00a9 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,12]],"date-time":"2010-07-12T06:22:45Z","timestamp":1278915765000},"page":"239-246","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["The center for epidemiological studies depression scale (CES\u2010D) is an adequate screening instrument for depressive and anxiety disorders in a very old population living in residential homes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Els","family":"Dozeman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Digna J. F.","family":"van Schaik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harm W. 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