{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T19:51:50Z","timestamp":1760385110787,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,23]],"date-time":"2010-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Geriat Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The cholinesterase inhibitor rivastigmine is approved for the symptomatic treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). This exploratory, hypothesis\u2010forming analysis assessed response to rivastigmine according to severity of dementia at baseline.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a retrospective analysis of a large randomized, placebo\u2010controlled trial (ENA713D2320). AD patients treated with 9.5\u2009mg\/24\u2009h rivastigmine patch, 17.4\u2009mg\/24\u2009h rivastigmine patch, rivastigmine capsule (12\u2009mg\/day), or placebo were stratified according to baseline Mini\u2010Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores: \u22657 to \u226412 (severe disease), \u226513 to \u226415 (moderately severe), \u226516 to \u226418 (moderate), or \u226519 to \u226425 (mild to moderate). Changes from baseline at Week 24 on Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale\u2013cognitive subscale (ADAS\u2010cog), Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study\u2013Clinical Global Impression of Change (ADCS\u2010CGIC), and Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study\u2013Activities of Daily Living (ADCS\u2010ADL) were assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on baseline MMSE scores, 141, 228, 333, and 348 patients had severe, moderately severe, moderate, and mild to moderate dementia. Worsening of ADAS\u2010cog, ADCS\u2010CGIC, and ADCS\u2010ADL scores in patients receiving placebo were greater in patients with more severe dementia. Significant improvements<jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>placebo were seen with rivastigmine patch and\/or capsule on ADAS\u2010cog, ADCS\u2010CGIC, and ADCS\u2010ADL scores in patients with severe, moderately severe, and moderate AD (all<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). However, no significant improvements were seen in rivastigmine\u2010treated patients with mild to moderate AD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rivastigmine benefits AD patients across dementia stages. Similar to previous cholinesterase inhibitor studies, greatest treatment effects with rivastigmine patch and capsule were seen in patients with more advanced dementia, most likely driven by greater placebo decline in this population. Copyright \u00a9 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,23]],"date-time":"2010-12-23T07:26:24Z","timestamp":1293089184000},"page":"1236-1243","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Rivastigmine transdermal patch and capsule in Alzheimer's disease: influence of disease stage on response to therapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Martin R.","family":"Farlow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George T.","family":"Grossberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangyi","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Olin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monique","family":"Somogyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","article-title":"A phase III, placebo\u2010controlled, double\u2010blind, randomized trial of tramiprosate in the clinical management of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (the Alphase study)","author":"Aisen P","year":"2009","journal-title":"AAN"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"68","article-title":"Dose\u2010response effect of rivastigmine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"2","author":"Anand R","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-0186(92)90189-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000067974"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1058"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000281846.40390.50"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.15.1401"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2008.683"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(01)00326-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000087301"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.4.613"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2389.2003.51260.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wad.0000127445.00442.a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.clpt.6100242","article-title":"2008.Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the novel daily rivastigmine transdermal patch compared with twice\u2010daily capsules in Alzheimer's disease patients","volume":"83","author":"Lef\u00e8vre G","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","unstructured":"MEDIVATION. Pfizer and Medivation Announce Results from Two Phase 3 Studies. In Dimebon (latrepirdine*) Alzheimer's Disease Clinical Development Program. Avalable at:http:\/\/investors.medivation.com\/ReleaseDetail.cfm?releaseid=448818[5 May 2010]."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/030079908X253438"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nbdi.2001.0462"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. TA111 Alzheimer's disease\u2014donepezil galantamine rivastigmine (review) and memantine: guidance (amended August 2009). Available at:http:\/\/guidance.nice.org.uk\/TA111\/Guidance\/pdf\/English[5 May 2010]."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.1978.tb00545.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/ABiol.54.2003.2.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/156720505774932287"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1913"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2002.tb11310.x","article-title":"Galantamine provides broad benefits in patients with 'advanced moderate' Alzheimer's disease (MMSE<or=12) for up to six months","volume":"56","author":"Wilkinson DG","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1788"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)39312-7","article-title":"Postnatal developmental delay and supersensitivity to organophosphate in gene\u2010targeted mice lacking acetylcholinesterase","volume":"293","author":"Xie W","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fgps.2669","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/gps.2669","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T02:14:05Z","timestamp":1740795245000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/gps.2669"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,23]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/gps.2669"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.2669","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-6230","1099-1166"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0885-6230"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1099-1166"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,23]]}}}