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We fit growth mixture models of Modified Mini\u2010Mental State (3MS) Examination trajectories with data from 2388 participants in the Alzheimer's Disease Anti\u2010inflammatory Prevention Trial and included class\u2010specific effects of naproxen and celecoxib.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified three classes: \u201cno decline\u201d, \u201cslow decline\u201d, and \u201cfast decline\u201d, and examined the effects of celecoxib and naproxen on linear slope and rate of change by class. Inclusion of quadratic terms improved fit of the model (\u22122 log likelihood difference: 369.23;<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) but resulted in reversal of effects over time. Over 4\u2009years, participants in the slow\u2010decline class on placebo typically lost 6.6 3MS points, whereas those on naproxen lost 3.1 points (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010value for difference: 0.19). Participants in the fast\u2010decline class on placebo typically lost 11.2 points, but those on celecoxib first declined and then gained points (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010value for difference from placebo: 0.04), whereas those on naproxen showed a typical decline of 24.9 points (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010value for difference from placebo: &lt;0.0001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results appeared statistically robust but provided some unexpected contrasts in effects of different treatments at different times. Naproxen may attenuate cognitive decline in slow decliners while accelerating decline in fast decliners. Celecoxib appeared to have similar effects at first but then attenuated change in fast decliners. 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