{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T13:23:06Z","timestamp":1791206586903,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,21]],"date-time":"2011-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1311206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Geriat Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Homocysteine is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. In the first report on the VITACOG trial, we showed that homocysteine\u2010lowering treatment with B vitamins slows the rate of brain atrophy in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Here we report the effect of B vitamins on cognitive and clinical decline (secondary outcomes) in the same study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This was a double\u2010blind, single\u2010centre study, which included participants with MCI, aged \u226570\u2009y, randomly assigned to receive a daily dose of 0.8\u2009mg folic acid, 0.5\u2009mg vitamin B\n                      <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                      and 20\u2009mg vitamin B\n                      <jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>\n                      (133 participants) or placebo (133 participants) for 2\u2009y. Changes in cognitive or clinical function were analysed by generalized linear models or mixed\u2010effects models.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean plasma total homocysteine was 30% lower in those treated with B vitamins relative to placebo. B vitamins stabilized executive function (CLOX) relative to placebo (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.015). There was significant benefit of B\u2010vitamin treatment among participants with baseline homocysteine above the median (11.3\u2009\u00b5mol\/L) in global cognition (Mini Mental State Examination,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), episodic memory (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test\u2013delayed recall,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001) and semantic memory (category fluency,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.037). Clinical benefit occurred in the B\u2010vitamin group for those in the upper quartile of homocysteine at baseline in global clinical dementia rating score (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02) and IQCODE score (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this small intervention trial, B vitamins appear to slow cognitive and clinical decline in people with MCI, in particular in those with elevated homocysteine. Further trials are needed to see if this treatment will slow or prevent conversion from MCI to dementia. Copyright \u00a9 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,22]],"date-time":"2011-07-22T03:02:16Z","timestamp":1311303736000},"page":"592-600","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":385,"title":["Cognitive and clinical outcomes of homocysteine\u2010lowering B\u2010vitamin treatment in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Celeste A.","family":"de Jager","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"OPTIMA, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abderrahim","family":"Oulhaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OPTIMA, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Jacoby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Department of Psychiatry Warneford Hospital  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helga","family":"Refsum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology University of Oxford  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. David","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.15.1774"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13854049108403297"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1993.00540060039014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.55.11.1449"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60109-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68542-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)01007-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2007.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610204000390"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2006-9402"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1166(199804)13:4<235::AID-GPS761>3.0.CO;2-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2375"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.11.2412-a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.39.9.1159"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2006.04.088"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2303"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2004.01388.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2009.266"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2003.021634"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.149.6.698"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.64.5.588"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.2.614s","article-title":"B vitamins, homocysteine, and neurocognitive function in the elderly","volume":"71","author":"Selhub J","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011613"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265080292S119"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012244"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.6.1320"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2010.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.122028"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fgps.2758","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/gps.2758","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,8]],"date-time":"2023-10-08T15:59:26Z","timestamp":1696780766000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/gps.2758"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,21]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/gps.2758"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.2758","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-6230","1099-1166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-6230","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1166","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,21]]}}}