{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:59:53Z","timestamp":1791352793867,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,12]],"date-time":"2012-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1331510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Geriat Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Evidence in younger populations suggests quantitative but not categorical differences in cognitive impairments between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It is uncertain whether a similar distinction applies to patients in later life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We compared the cognitive abilities of older, community\u2010living schizophrenia patients, controlling for their state of symptomatic remission, with those of older euthymic patients with bipolar I disorder. The study included 67 patients with schizophrenia (20 in symptomatic remission, 47 not in symptomatic remission; mean age 68\u2009years) and 74 euthymic bipolar I patients (mean age 70\u2009years), who were compared using analysis of covariance on clinical and neuropsychological variables (e.g., attention\/working memory, verbal memory, executive function and verbal fluency) and contrasted with 69 healthy controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Remitted (SR) and non\u2010remitted (SN) schizophrenia patients and bipolar I (BP) patients were impaired relative to healthy controls, with mostly large effect sizes for verbal memory (Cohen's <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>: SR 1.34, SN 1.48, BP 1.09), executive function (Cohen's <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>: SR 0.87, SN 1.29, BP 0.71) and verbal fluency (Cohen's <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>: SR 1.09, SN 1.25, BP 0.88), but smaller effect sizes for the domain of attention\/working memory (Cohen's <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>: SR 0.26, SN 0.18, BP 0.52). Differences in cognitive performance between the remitted schizophrenia patients and the bipolar I patients were not significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In both older patients with schizophrenia and with bipolar disorder, serious and pervasive cognitive deficits can be demonstrated. Trait\u2010related cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder may share major phenotypic similarity in later life. Copyright \u00a9 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.3793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,12]],"date-time":"2012-03-12T04:23:44Z","timestamp":1331526224000},"page":"82-90","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Cognitive impairment in late life schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Paul D.","family":"Meesters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GGZ inGeest VU University Medical Center  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research VU University Medical Center  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigfried","family":"Schouws","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GGZ inGeest VU University Medical Center  Amsterdam The 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