{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T15:56:31Z","timestamp":1788623791123,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,22]],"date-time":"2013-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1363910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Geriat Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Metabolic syndrome contains many risks for medical diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes, which might precipitate depressive symptoms in the older people. However, the association between depressive symptoms and metabolic syndrome in Japanese community\u2010dwelling older people is unclear. This study was performed to answer this important question.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional analyses were performed on 3796 community\u2010dwelling independent older people (\u226565\u2009years, 1911 men and 1885 women) from the 2007\u20132008 baseline examination of the Fujiwara\u2010kyo study, a prospective cohort study on successful aging. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 15\u2010item short form of the Geriatric Depression Scale and metabolic syndrome was defined according to the 2005 International Diabetes Federation. Covariates were social supports, negative life events, health behavior, education, cognitive function, anthropometric status, and others. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the relationships between depressive symptoms and these variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale\u201015 \u22656) and metabolic syndrome were 14.8% and 16.6%, respectively. Significant protective factors against depressive symptoms were higher education, more opportunity for drinking of alcohol, better social supports, and more walking daily. Metabolic syndrome was statistically associated with depressive symptoms (adjusted odds ratio\u2009=\u20091.32, 95% confidence interval\u2009=\u20091.03\u20131.68). Other risk factors significantly associated with depressive symptoms were sleep disturbance, visual or hearing impairment, and negative life events.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study showed an association between metabolic syndrome and depressive symptoms in ambulatory Japanese older people, as in western countries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.3950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,23]],"date-time":"2013-03-23T08:55:26Z","timestamp":1364028926000},"page":"1251-1259","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Association between depressive symptoms and metabolic syndrome in Japanese community\u2010dwelling older people: a cross\u2010sectional analysis from the baseline results of the Fujiwara\u2010kyo prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Morikawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sakai City Mental Health Center Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Nara Medical University Nara Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nozomi","family":"Okamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health and Epidemiology Nara Medical University Nara Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuniaki","family":"Kiuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Nara Medical University Nara Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimiko","family":"Tomioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health and Epidemiology Nara Medical University Nara Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junko","family":"Iwamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Tenri Health Care University Nara Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Harano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery Hanna Central Hospital Nara Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keigo","family":"Saeki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health and Epidemiology Nara Medical University Nara Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masami","family":"Fukusumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Nara Medical University Nara Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazumichi","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Nara Medical University Nara Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuko","family":"Amano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition Tezukayama University Nara Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kan","family":"Hazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy Osaka Electro\u2010Communication University Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motokazu","family":"Yanagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition Tezukayama University Nara Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Iki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Kinki University School of Medicine Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumio","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Psychology &amp; 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