{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:24:42Z","timestamp":1791379482480,"version":"4.3.2"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,27]],"date-time":"2013-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1372291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Geriat Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Loneliness has a deep impact on quality of life in older people. Findings on sex\u2010specific differences on the experience of loneliness remain sparse. This study compared the intensity of and factors associated with loneliness between men and women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analyses are based on the 2008\/2009 data of the KORA\u2010Age Study, comprising 4127 participants in the age range of 64\u201394\u2009years. An age\u2010stratified random subsample of 1079 subjects participated in a face\u2010to\u2010face interview. Loneliness was measured by using a short German version of the UCLA\u2010Loneliness\u2010Scale (12 items, Likert scaled, ranging from 0 to 36 points). Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the associations of socio\u2010demographic, physical, and psychological factors with loneliness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean level of loneliness did not significantly differ between men (17.0\u2009\u00b1\u20094.5) and women (17.5\u2009\u00b1\u20095.1). However, among the oldest old (\u226585\u2009years), loneliness was higher in women (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> value\u2009=\u20090.047). Depression, low satisfaction with life, and low resilience were associated significantly with loneliness, which was more pronounced in men. Living alone was not associated with loneliness, whereas lower social network was associated with a three time higher risk for feeling lonely in both men and women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The extent of loneliness was equally distributed between men and women, although women were more disadvantaged regarding living arrangements as well as physical and mental health. However, loneliness was stronger associated with adverse mental health conditions in men. These findings should be considered when developing intervention strategies to reduce loneliness. Copyright \u00a9 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.3998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,27]],"date-time":"2013-06-27T05:50:46Z","timestamp":1372312246000},"page":"245-252","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["How much does it hurt to be lonely? Mental and physical differences between older men and women in the KORA\u2010Age Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Zebhauser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology II Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health  Neuherberg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Hofmann\u2010Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology II Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health  Neuherberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Baumert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology II Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health  Neuherberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"H\u00e4fner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology II Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health  Neuherberg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Georg August University Goettingen  Goettingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. E.","family":"Lacruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology II Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health  Neuherberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. T.","family":"Emeny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology II Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health  Neuherberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"D\u00f6ring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology I Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health  Neuherberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Grill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen  Munich Germany"},{"name":"Integrated Center for Research and Treatment of Vertigo, Balance and Ocular Motor Disorders (IFBLMU) Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, University Hospital Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Klinikum Harlaching  Munich Germany"},{"name":"International Psychoanalytic University  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology II Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health  Neuherberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. 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