{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:42:35Z","timestamp":1790124155335,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,19]],"date-time":"2013-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1387411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Geriat Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Depression is common in nursing home (NH) patients with dementia, and often clustered with anxiety and other mood symptoms. An association between pain and depressive symptoms has been reported, but the impact of pain management on depression and other mood symptoms has not been investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Secondary analyses of a cluster randomized clinical trial examine the response of dementia\u2010related mood symptoms to a Stepwise Protocol of Treating Pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three\u2010hundred fifty\u2010two patients with moderate and severe dementia and significant behavioural disturbances, related to 60 clusters (i.e. clusters defined as single independent NH units) in 18 NHs of Western Norway, were included. All patients in the intervention group received individual daily pain treatment with paracetamol, extended release morphine, buprenorphine transdermal patch or pregabaline for 8\u2009weeks, with additional follow\u2010up assessment 4\u2009weeks after completion of the intervention. Clusters randomized to control received usual treatment. A mood cluster consisting of depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, apathy and appetite items from the Neuropsychiatric Inventory\u2010Nursing Home (NPI\u2010NH) was the primary outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analysed by Mann\u2013Whitney<jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests, Stepwise Protocol of Treating Pain conferred significant benefit in treatment of the NPI\u2010NH mood cluster (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200913.4,<jats:italic>df<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091;299,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and depression (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092.0,<jats:italic>df<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091;301,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.025). Further analyses highlighted improvements in apathy (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095.3,<jats:italic>df<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091;300,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.017), night\u2010time behaviours (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093.1,<jats:italic>df<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091;301,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.050), and appetite items (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200911.6,<jats:italic>df<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091;301,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005), but not irritability (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.092) and anxiety (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.125).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mood symptoms including depression significantly improved with pain treatment, emphasizing the importance of more rigorous treatment of pain in agitated people with dementia. Findings have potentially immediate clinical relevance. \u00a9 2013 The Authors.<jats:italic>International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry<\/jats:italic>published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,19]],"date-time":"2013-12-19T11:09:11Z","timestamp":1387451351000},"page":"828-836","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Efficacy of pain treatment on mood syndrome in patients with dementia: a randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"B. 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