{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:12:48Z","timestamp":1790615568258,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,15]],"date-time":"2015-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1434326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1AG037212"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1AG037212"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Foundation 'In memory of Maria Zaousi', for the academic year 2013-2014 for Angeliki Tsapanou"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Geriat Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to examine the association between self\u2010reported sleep problems and cognitive decline in community\u2010dwelling older people. We hypothesized that daytime somnolence predicts subsequent cognitive decline.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a longitudinal study in a 3.2\u2010year follow\u2010up, with 18\u2010month intervals. The setting is the Washington Heights\u2010Inwood Community Aging Project. There were 1098 participants, who were over 65\u2009years old and recruited from the community.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Sleep problems were estimated using five sleep categories derived from the RAND Medical Outcome Study Sleep Scale: sleep disturbance, snoring, awaken short of breath\/with a headache, sleep adequacy, and daytime somnolence. Four distinct cognitive composite scores were calculated: memory, language, speed of processing, and executive functioning. We used generalized estimating equations analyses with cognitive scores as the outcome, and time, sleep categories and their interactions as the main predictors. Models were initially unadjusted and then adjusted for age, gender, education, ethnicity, depression, and apolipoprotein E\u2010\u03b54 genotype.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increased daytime somnolence (including feeling drowsy\/sleepy, having trouble staying awake, and taking naps during the day) was linked to slower speed of processing both cross\u2010sectionally (<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.143, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.047) and longitudinally (<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.003, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.027). After excluding the demented participants at baseline, the results remained significant (<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.003, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.021).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest that daytime somnolence may be an early sign of cognitive decline in the older population. Copyright \u00a9 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,16]],"date-time":"2015-06-16T03:09:18Z","timestamp":1434424158000},"page":"247-255","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Daytime somnolence as an early sign of cognitive decline in a community\u2010based study of older people"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Angeliki","family":"Tsapanou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology and The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yian","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology and The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deirdre","family":"O'Shea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology and The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teal","family":"Eich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology and The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming\u2010Xin","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University  New York NY USA"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Joseph P. 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