{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T13:23:38Z","timestamp":1772889818964,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,9]],"date-time":"2015-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001868","name":"National Science Council, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NSC 100-2314-B-037-035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSC 100-2314-B-037-035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001868","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001868","name":"National Science Council, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NSC 101-2314-B-037-064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSC 101-2314-B-037-064"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001868","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan","award":["KMUH 100-0R52"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KMUH 100-0R52"]}]},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan","award":["KMUH 101-1R62"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KMUH 101-1R62"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Geriat Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been found to have cognitive impairment. However, the core features and clinical correlates of cognitive impairment are still unclear. Elevated homocysteine levels are present in CKD, and this is a risk factor for cognitive impairment and vascular diseases in the general population. Thus, this study investigated the core domains of cognitive impairment and investigated the associations of homocysteine level and vascular burden with cognitive function in patients with CKD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with CKD aged \u2265\u200950\u2009years and age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched normal comparisons were enrolled. The total fasting serum homocysteine level was measured. Vascular burden was assessed using the Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Scale. Cognitive function was evaluated using comprehensive neuropsychological tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 230 patients with CKD and 92 comparisons completed the study. Memory impairment and executive dysfunction were identified as core features of cognitive impairment in the CKD patients. Among the patients with CKD, higher serum homocysteine levels (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.17, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.035) and higher Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Scale scores (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.18, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.013) were correlated with poor executive function independently. However, an association with memory function was not noted. Our results showed that an elevated homocysteine level and an increased vascular burden were independently associated with executive function, but not memory, in CKD patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This findings suggested the co\u2010existence of vascular and non\u2010vascular hypotheses regarding executive dysfunction in CKD patients. Meanwhile, other risk factors related to CKD itself should be investigated in the future. Copyright \u00a9 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,10]],"date-time":"2015-11-10T02:26:58Z","timestamp":1447122418000},"page":"723-730","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Association of homocysteine level and vascular burden and cognitive function in middle\u2010aged and older adults with chronic kidney disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Yi\u2010Chun","family":"Yeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung 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