{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T06:02:20Z","timestamp":1777442540790,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,10,16]],"date-time":"2001-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1003190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Geriat Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>A conspicuously high score on the state part of the State\u2010Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) has been observed among geriatric inpatients who are neither demented nor critically ill; 43% of them had a sumscore that, according to Spielberger's criteria, would reflect clinically relevant anxiety symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore the reasons for this high score.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>101 geriatric inpatients and 68 healthy controls of similar age, living at home and recruited through senior citizen centres participated in a controlled cross\u2010sectional study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>High item\u2010scores were more frequent on the symptom\u2010negative items than on the symptom\u2010positive items. Multi\u2010group factor analysis produced two factors termed \u2018well\u2010being\u2019 and \u2018nervousness\u2019, which had a moderate correlation (0.61). The intercept was much higher on \u2018well\u2010being\u2019 than on \u2018nervousness\u2019, showing that a lack of well\u2010being contributes significantly to the high score on the STAI. This confounds the sumscore. However, the geriatric inpatients nevertheless had a high score on the factor \u2018nervousness\u2019. Female controls scored higher than males on both factors, whereas among the geriatric patients neither age nor gender related to them.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The STAI state sumscore is a biased indicator of anxiety in geriatric inpatients owing to confounding by well\u2010being. The most important cause for the observed high score on the STAI state instrument in geriatric patients relates to a reduced well\u2010being. Copyright \u00a9 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,25]],"date-time":"2002-08-25T19:53:55Z","timestamp":1030305235000},"page":"980-986","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Psychometric properties of the state part of the Spielberger State\u2010Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) in geriatric patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Kari","family":"Kvaal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Knut","family":"Laake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Knut","family":"Engedal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.174.4.307"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.107.2.238"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(82)90002-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"17","volume-title":"Anxiety in the Elderly. Treatment & Research","author":"Blazer D","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(87)90173-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0714980800009387"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0714980800012708"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1992.tb01804.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291798008150"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(99)00067-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"160","volume-title":"Cross\u2010Cultural Anxiety. Vol 4","author":"Haseth K","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4679(200006)56:6<793::AID-JCLP8>3.0.CO;2-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6185(96)00033-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Factor Analysis. Statistical Methods and Practical Issues","author":"Kim J\u2010O","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1166(199802)13:2<79::AID-GPS739>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.405"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"135","volume-title":"Cross\u2010Cultural Anxiety. Vol 2","author":"McDonald RJ","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"StatXact 3 For Windows. User Manual","author":"Mehta C","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/PR0.69.6.551-560"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10615809208250491"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Mplus. The Comprehensive Modeling Program for Applied Researchers. User's guide","author":"Muth\u00e9n LK","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1990.tb00906.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001270050177"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700035881"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Assessment of state and trait anxiety: conceptual and methodological issues","volume":"2","author":"Spielberger CD","year":"1985","journal-title":"South Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Manual for the State\u2010Trait Anxiety Inventory (Form Y)","author":"Spielberger CD","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(96)00064-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02813439709043423"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327752JPA7403_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.173.5.433"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fgps.458","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/gps.458","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,19]],"date-time":"2023-11-19T18:38:07Z","timestamp":1700419087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/gps.458"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,10]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/gps.458"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.458","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-6230","1099-1166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-6230","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1166","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,10]]}}}