{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:50:23Z","timestamp":1787500223284,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,22]],"date-time":"2016-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000858","name":"University of Sheffield","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Geriat Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We estimated the cost effectiveness of different cognitive screening tests for use by General Practitioners (GPs) to detect cognitive impairment in England.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A patient\u2010level cost\u2010effectiveness model was developed using a simulated cohort that represents the elderly population in England (65\u2009years and older). Each patient was followed over a lifetime period. Data from published sources were used to populate the model. The costs include government funded health and social care, private social care and informal care. Patient health benefit was measured and valued in Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Base\u2010case analyses found that adopting any of the three cognitive tests (Mini\u2010Mental State Examination, 6\u2010Item Cognitive Impairment Test or GPCOG (General Practitioner Assessment of Cognition)) delivered more QALYs for patients over their lifetime and made savings across sectors including healthcare, social care and informal care compared with GP unassisted judgement. The benefits were due to early access to medications. Among the three cognitive tests, adopting the GPCOG was considered the most cost\u2010effective option with the highest Incremental Net Benefit (INB) at the threshold of \u00a330\u2009000 per QALY from both the National Health Service and Personal Social Service (NHS PSS) perspective (\u00a3195\u2009034 per 1000 patients) and the broader perspective that includes private social care and informal care (\u00a3196\u2009251 per 1000 patients). Uncertainty was assessed in both deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our analyses indicate that the use of any of the three cognitive tests could be considered a cost\u2010effective strategy compared with GP unassisted judgement. The most cost\u2010effective option in the base\u2010case was the GPCOG. Copyright \u00a9 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,22]],"date-time":"2016-11-22T07:02:09Z","timestamp":1479798129000},"page":"1392-1400","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Cost effectiveness of using cognitive screening tests for detecting dementia and mild cognitive impairment in primary care"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Thaison","family":"Tong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Related Research University of Sheffield  Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praveen","family":"Thokala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Related Research University of Sheffield  Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"McMillan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Primary Care University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric and Stroke Medicine Sheffield Teaching Hospitals  Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Brazier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Related Research University of Sheffield  Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610214002932"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The appropriate use of neuroimaging in the diagnostic work\u2010up of dementia: an economic literature review and cost\u2010effectiveness analysis","volume":"14","author":"Bermingham SL","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ontario Health Technology Assessment Series"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035559"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"BNF.2016.Alzheimer's disease medications (Donepezil Galantamine Rivastigmine Memantine)[Online]. 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