{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T22:39:49Z","timestamp":1793659189003,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,14]],"date-time":"2017-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Geriat Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objectives of the study are to study daily hospital practice regarding detection and management and to study hyperactive and hypoactive delirium of older patients during their hospitalization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective cohort study evaluating care as usual for older hospitalized patients with delirium at Maastricht University Medical Center+, a university hospital in the Netherlands, was performed. Inclusion criteria were older hospitalized patients (65+\u00a0years), diagnosed with delirium between 1 January and 31 December 2014. Data were retrieved from the patients' medical files. Delirium was categorized as hyperactive or hypoactive. Primary outcome measures were prevalence and management (pharmacological, reorientation, screening for delirium and delirium consultations, and physical restraints). Secondary outcomes were short\u2010term adverse outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prevalence of delirium was 5% (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0401), of which 77% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0307) was hyperactive and 23% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a094) was hypoactive. Significantly, more patients with a hyperactive delirium received medication to manage the delirium than patients with a hypoactive delirium (89% vs. 77%, respectively, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.004). No other significant differences between the subtypes were found.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was probably a strong under\u2010recognition of delirium. Drugs were the main intervention of choice, especially for patients with hyperactive delirium. The two subtypes did not differ on non\u2010pharmacological management. The retrospective nature of this study sheds light on the <jats:italic>status quo<\/jats:italic> of recognition, management, and care as usual for the different delirium subtypes in daily hospital practice, which may help in forming new guidelines and protocols for the detection and treatment of delirium for older patients in hospitals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,14]],"date-time":"2017-02-14T09:16:38Z","timestamp":1487063798000},"page":"1521-1529","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Detection and management of hyperactive and hypoactive delirium in older patients during hospitalization: a retrospective cohort study evaluating daily practice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Eveline L.","family":"van Velthuijsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI) and Department of Health Services Research Maastricht University  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra M.G.","family":"Zwakhalen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI) and Department of Health Services Research Maastricht University  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wubbo J.","family":"Mulder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Maastricht University Medical Center+  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frans R.J.","family":"Verhey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer Center Limburg MHeNS School for Mental Health and NeuroScience  Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology Maastricht University  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gertrudis I.J.M.","family":"Kempen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI) and Department of Health Services Research Maastricht University  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13334"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1478951510000672"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"British Geriatrics Society and Royal College of Physicians.2006.Guidelines for the prevention diagnosis and management of delirium in older people in hospital."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","volume-title":"Gezondheid en zorg in cijfers","author":"Central Agency for Statistics (Cbs)","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws190"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.12197"},{"issue":"136","key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Postoperative delirium in older adults: best practice statement from the American Geriatrics Society","volume":"220","author":"Inouye S","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra052321"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.161.20.2467"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60688-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301492"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","first-page":"911","article-title":"A retrospective study on delirium type","volume":"46","author":"Kobayashi K","year":"1992","journal-title":"Jpn J Psychiatry Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2015.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03671.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.140.11.1426"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2002.50210.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540260802675460"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2011.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2011.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Care and Health Excellence (NICE).2010.Delirium: prevention diagnosis and management (NICE guideline CG103). 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