{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T18:05:40Z","timestamp":1781892340551,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,28]],"date-time":"2017-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Geriat Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Research suggests that in depression, vascular burden predicts a lower efficacy for medication (MED) and a more favourable outcome for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Therefore, we investigated the influence of the following vascular risk factors (VRF): hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and cerebral vascular accident\/transient ischemic attack, on remission from major depression after ECT versus MED.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study sample consisted of 81 inpatients with a DSM\u2010IV unipolar major depression diagnosis (mean age 72.2\u00a0years, SD\u00a0=\u00a07.6, mean Montgomery\u2013\u00c5sberg Depression Rating Scale score 32.9, SD\u00a0=\u00a06.2) participating in a randomized controlled trial comparing nortriptyline versus venlafaxine and 43 inpatients (mean age 73.7\u00a0years, SD\u00a0=\u00a07.5, mean Montgomery\u2013\u00c5sberg Depression Rating Scale score 30.6, SD\u00a0=\u00a07.1) from an randomized controlled trial comparing brief pulse versus ultrabrief pulse ECT. The presence of VRF was established from the medical records. The remission rate of patients with VRF was compared with those of patients without VRF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The remission rate was 58% (19\/33) in the ECT group with \u22651 VRF and 32% (23\/73) in the MED group with \u22651 VRF (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a06.456, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.011). Comparing patients with no VRF versus \u22651 VRF, the remission rate decreased from 80 to 58% (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a01.652, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.276) in ECT patients and from 38 to 32% (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00.119, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.707) in MED patients. Applying different cut\u2010offs for the number of VRFs yielded the same trends. Logistic regression revealed no interaction between VRF and treatment condition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The superior efficacy of ECT over pharmacotherapy in major depression in older age was independent of the presence of VRF. Copyright \u00a9 2017 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,28]],"date-time":"2017-06-28T13:12:55Z","timestamp":1498655575000},"page":"371-378","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Vascular risk factors in older patients with depression: outcome of electroconvulsive therapy versus medication"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3856-8980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harm\u2010Pieter","family":"Spaans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Parnassia Psychiatric Institute  The Hague The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob M.","family":"Kok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parnassia Psychiatric Institute  The Hague The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filip","family":"Bouckaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AcCENT \u2013 Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven (Catholic University of Leuven), Campus Kortenberg  Kortenberg Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia F.","family":"Van Den Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parnassia Psychiatric Institute  The Hague The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology Leiden University  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orlaith C.","family":"Tunney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parnassia Psychiatric Institute  The Hague The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Sienaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AcCENT \u2013 Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven (Catholic University of Leuven), Campus Kortenberg  Kortenberg Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esm\u00e9e","family":"Verwijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parnassia Psychiatric Institute  The Hague The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"King H.","family":"Kho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parnassia Psychiatric Institute  The Hague The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max L.","family":"Stek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VU University Medical Center and GGZ inGeest  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830220033006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.4.562"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291703008870"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890009011769"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.180.2.157"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/58.3.M249"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-44462011000400015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1420"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0b013e3181f9789c"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2014.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.1.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.597237"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1967.tb00530.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(94)00174-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1990.01810200090013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1790"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00124509-200309000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1823"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6394(1998)8:4<142::AID-DA2>3.0.CO;2-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.5.785"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Late\u2010life depression: managing mood in patients with vascular disease","volume":"8","author":"Lavretsky H","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(97)83296-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.134.4.382"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.10.92"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2012.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.08m04989blu"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","first-page":"403","article-title":"Vascular depression with melancholic symptoms: response to electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"35","author":"Ramos\u2010Rios R","year":"2007","journal-title":"Actas Esp Psiquiatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-200201000-00013"},{"issue":"20","key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"The Mini\u2010International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM\u2010IV and ICD\u201010","volume":"59","author":"Sheehan DV","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.204"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329179800693X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610297004432"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.114.148213"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.13m08538"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00124509-200103000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610205001493"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2013.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291709990857"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.9.785"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12705-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.10.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","first-page":"393","article-title":"Het Mini Internationaal Neuropsychiatrisch Interview (MINI). Een kort gestructureerd diagnostisch psychiatrisch interview voor DSM\u2010IV\u2010 en ICD\u201010\u2010stoornissen. [The MINI\u2010International Neuropsychiatric Interview. A brief structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM\u2010IV and ICD\u201010 psychiatric disorders]","volume":"49","author":"Vliet IM","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tijdschr Psychiatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000208"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.22.3.312"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fgps.4754","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/gps.4754","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T12:16:43Z","timestamp":1694953003000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/gps.4754"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,28]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/gps.4754"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.4754","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-6230","1099-1166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-6230","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1166","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,28]]}}}