{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:21:23Z","timestamp":1792171283694,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,25]],"date-time":"2018-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Geriat Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine if there is an association between hearing loss and poorer cognitive scores on Mini\u2010Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and to determine if poor hearing acuity affects scoring on the cognitive screening tests of MMSE and MoCA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred fourteen elderly patients (Singapore residents) aged between 55 and 86\u00a0years were sampled. Participants completed a brief history questionnaire, pure tone audiometry, and 2 cognitive screening tests\u2014the MMSE and MoCA. Average hearing thresholds of the better ear in the frequencies of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4\u00a0kHz were used for data analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Hearing loss was significantly associated with poorer cognitive scores in Poisson regression models adjusted for age. Mini\u2010Mental State Examination scores were shown to decrease by 2.8% (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.029), and MoCA scores by 3.5% (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.013) for every 10\u00a0dB of hearing loss. Analysis of hearing\u2010sensitive components of \u201cRegistration\u201d and \u201cRecall\u201d in MMSE and MoCA using chi\u2010square tests showed significantly poorer performance in the hearing loss group as compared to the normal hearing group. Phonetic analysis of target words with high error rates shows that the poor performance was likely contributed by decreased hearing acuity, on top of a possible true deficit in cognition in the hearing impaired.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hearing loss is associated with poorer cognitive scores on MMSE and MoCA, and cognitive scoring is likely confounded by poor hearing ability. This highlights an important, often overlooked aspect of sensory impairment during cognitive screening. Provisions should be made when testing for cognition in the hearing\u2010impaired population to avoid over\u2010referral and subsequent misdiagnoses of cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,25]],"date-time":"2018-03-25T13:06:17Z","timestamp":1521983177000},"page":"972-979","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Screening an elderly hearing impaired population for mild cognitive impairment using Mini\u2010Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2049-0468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalene Yeok Leng","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore  Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery National University Hospital  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9642-6721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenny Hooi Yin","family":"Loo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore  Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery National University Hospital  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation.Prevention of deafness and blindness: estimates.2012;http:\/\/www.who.int\/pbd\/deafness\/estimates\/en\/. 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