{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T23:22:57Z","timestamp":1776900177507,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,21]],"date-time":"2018-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1526860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer's Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IIRG\u201000\u20102159ZEN\u201001\u20103151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIRG\u201000\u20102159ZEN\u201001\u20103151"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer's Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZEN\u201001\u20103151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZEN\u201001\u20103151"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006636","name":"Forskningsr\u00e5det om H\u00e4lsa, Arbetsliv och V\u00e4lf\u00e4rd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2001\u20102835"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2001\u20102835"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006636","name":"Forskningsr\u00e5det om H\u00e4lsa, Arbetsliv och V\u00e4lf\u00e4rd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2004\u20100145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2004\u20100145"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006636","name":"Forskningsr\u00e5det om H\u00e4lsa, Arbetsliv och V\u00e4lf\u00e4rd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2006\u20100596"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2006\u20100596"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006636","name":"Forskningsr\u00e5det om H\u00e4lsa, Arbetsliv och V\u00e4lf\u00e4rd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2008\u20101111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2008\u20101111"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006636","name":"Forskningsr\u00e5det om H\u00e4lsa, Arbetsliv och V\u00e4lf\u00e4rd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2010\u20100870"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2010\u20100870"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006636","name":"Forskningsr\u00e5det om H\u00e4lsa, Arbetsliv och V\u00e4lf\u00e4rd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016\u201007097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\u201007097"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006636","name":"Forskningsr\u00e5det om H\u00e4lsa, Arbetsliv och V\u00e4lf\u00e4rd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AGECAP 2013\u20102300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGECAP 2013\u20102300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006636","name":"Forskningsr\u00e5det om H\u00e4lsa, Arbetsliv och V\u00e4lf\u00e4rd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013\u20102496"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\u20102496"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006636","name":"Forskningsr\u00e5det om H\u00e4lsa, Arbetsliv och V\u00e4lf\u00e4rd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Epilife 2006\u20101506"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Epilife 2006\u20101506"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008586","name":"Stiftelsen Professor Bror Gadelius Minnesfond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006666","name":"Stiftelsen Ragnhild och Einar Lundstr\u00f6ms Minne","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006666","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010815","name":"Stiftelsen f\u00f6r Gamla Tj\u00e4narinnor","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010815","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005689","name":"G\u00f6teborgs L\u00e4kares\u00e4llskap","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005689","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005754","name":"Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005754","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004472","name":"Riksbankens Jubileumsfond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004472","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007416","name":"Swedish Brain Power","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016\u201001590"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\u201001590"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015\u201002830"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\u201002830"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013\u20108717"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\u20108717"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2012\u20101138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012\u20101138"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["825\u20102012\u20105041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["825\u20102012\u20105041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["825\u20102007\u20107462"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["825\u20102007\u20107462"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11267"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11267"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Geriat Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Depression may be understood as a spectrum of more or less symptomatic states. Little is known about the long\u2010term course of these states in older populations. We examined the prevalence and course of depressive states of different severity in a Swedish population sample of older people followed over 9\u00a0years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A population\u2010based sample of 70\u2010year olds without dementia (N\u00a0=\u00a0563, response rate 71.1%) underwent a psychiatric examination; 450 survivors without dementia were reexamined at ages 75 and\/or 79\u00a0years. Three depressive spectrum states were defined: major depression (MD), minor depression (MIND), and subsyndromal depression (SSD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The cumulative 9\u2010year prevalence of any depressive spectrum state was 55.3% (MD 9.3%, MIND 27.6%, SSD 30.9%). The cross\u2010sectional prevalence increased with age, especially for MIND and SSD. Among those with baseline MD and MIND, 75.0% and 66.7%, respectively, had MD or MIND during follow\u2010up. Among those with SSD, 47.2% had SSD also during follow\u2010up and 36.1% had MD or MIND. Among those with MD during follow\u2010up, 63.1% were in a depressive spectrum state at baseline. The corresponding proportion was 30% for those with MIND (but no MD) during follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this population\u2010based sample, over half experienced some degree of depression during their eighth decade of life. The findings give some support for the validity of a depressive spectrum in older adults. Most new episodes of major depression occurred in people who were in a depressive spectrum state already at baseline, which may have implications for late\u2010life depression prevention strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4888","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,22]],"date-time":"2018-05-22T04:09:38Z","timestamp":1526962178000},"page":"1028-1037","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Depressive spectrum states in a population\u2010based cohort of 70\u2010year olds followed over 9\u00a0years"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1505-1532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Sigstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg  M\u00f6lndal Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margda","family":"Waern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg  M\u00f6lndal Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pia","family":"Gudmundsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg  M\u00f6lndal Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingmar","family":"Skoog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg  M\u00f6lndal Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Svante","family":"\u00d6stling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg  M\u00f6lndal Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(97)00057-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM\u2010IV TR","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Subsyndromal symptomatic depression: A new mood disorder?","volume":"55","author":"Judd LL","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(90)90013-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.8.694"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(97)00055-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-144-7-200604040-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JGP.0000235763.50230.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/41.3.357"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.3.450"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.490797"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.109.064055"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.112.112169"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2004.00301.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.9.1611"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4204"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291709991036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","article-title":"The epidemiology of common mental disorders from age 20 to 50: Results from the prospective Zurich cohort study","author":"Angst J","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","article-title":"Normal aging \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0or depression? A qualitative study on the differences between subsyndromal depression and depression in very old people","author":"Ludvigsson M","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2017.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1565"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4054"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2012.43"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610207006667"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2003.02056.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(00)80002-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2008.555"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/30.3.427"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e328333e17f"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1600-0447.2003.00260.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02813439709035031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1978.tb02357.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1244"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199301213280301"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.134.4.382"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.124.5.460"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","volume-title":"Guidelines for ATC Classification and DDD Assignment 2014","author":"WHO Collaborating Centre For drug statistics methodology","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e3181ad4f5a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Epidemiology of adult DSM\u20105 major depressive disorder and its specifiers in the United States","author":"Hasin DS","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiat"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.10.1097"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291799008648"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2001.00284.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cml071"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.7.605"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371005500806"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2013.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(95)00061-5"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fgps.4888","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/gps.4888","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]],"date-time":"2023-09-10T01:25:31Z","timestamp":1694309131000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/gps.4888"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,21]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/gps.4888"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.4888","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-6230","1099-1166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-6230","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1166","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-08-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-03-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-05-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}