{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T13:05:34Z","timestamp":1754399134550,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]],"date-time":"2018-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Yulius Mental Health Care, Gorinchem\/Dordrecht, the Netherlands"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Geriat Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Religious delusions (RDs) tend to occur relatively often in patients with affective or non\u2010affective psychosis. Few studies exist about RDs in later life. The current study explores (1) the distribution of RDs across diagnosis, (2) how RDs relate to other types of delusions, and (3) how RDs relate to several dimensions or characteristics of delusions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inpatients and outpatients in a Geriatric Psychiatry Department in the Netherlands (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0155; mean age 76.5\u00a0years), and who were diagnosed with an affective or non\u2010affective psychotic disorder, participated in semi structured diagnostic interviews, using the Schedules for Clinical Assessement in Neuropsychiatry 2.1.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Religious delusions were most common among patients with psychotic depression (47%) and schizophrenia (32%). The RDs frequently co\u2010occurred with other types of delusions. When combined with delusions of grandeur, RDs were more often classified as bizarre and were accompanied by higher levels of positive psychotic symptoms. When combined with delusions of guilt, RDs were associated with higher levels of distress and a shorter disease duration. The delusional characteristics bizarreness, frequency of psychotic symptoms, and degree of distress were more prevalent for RDs than for any other type of delusion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current study suggests that the prevalence of RDs in older adults is particularly high in late life psychotic depression. Also, in later life, RDs can be perceived of as independent marker of complex psychotic states, and as a denominator of severe arousal with respect to existential concerns.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]],"date-time":"2018-09-25T07:34:05Z","timestamp":1537860845000},"page":"1680-1687","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Religious delusions in older adults: Diagnoses, combinations, and delusional characteristics"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2328-5497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annemarie","family":"Noort","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Old Age Psychiatry Hei\u2010 en Boeicopseweg 64a, 4126 RK Hei\u2010 en Boeicop  The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aartjan T.F.","family":"Beekman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GGZInGeest, VUmc  De Boelelaan 1117 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arthur R.","family":"van Gool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yulius Academy, Dennenhout 1, 2994 GC Barendrecht, Yulius voor geestelijke gezondheidszorg  The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arjan W.","family":"Braam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Department of Residency Training Altrecht Mental Health Care  The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.12.1938","article-title":"Dimensional approach to delusions: comparison across types and diagnoses","volume":"156","author":"Appelbaum PS","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"273","article-title":"Phenomenological differences of delusions between schizophrenic patients of two cultures of Malaysia","volume":"36","author":"Azhar MZ","year":"1995","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4414\/sanp.2000.01136"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001270200005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2001.16.1.88"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"78","article-title":"Phenomenology of delusions and hallucinations in schizophrenia in Central Punjab, Pakistan","volume":"61","author":"Sajid WB","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pak Armed Forces Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000168235.60469.cc"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012417645-4\/50078-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.140.4.466"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466599162683"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-013-0811-y"},{"volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"2000","author":"American Psychiatric Association (APA)","key":"e_1_2_9_13_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"volume-title":"Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry, SCAN 2.1 ed","year":"2001","author":"Nienhuis FJ","key":"e_1_2_9_15_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1990.01810180089012"},{"volume-title":"CAPE (Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences)","year":"1999","author":"Os J","key":"e_1_2_9_17_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000089455"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"63","article-title":"Paranoid\u2010hallucinatory syndromes in schizophrenia; Results of the International Study on Psychotic Symptoms","author":"Stompe T","year":"2007","journal-title":"World Cult Psychiatry Res Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"665","article-title":"Het syndroom van Cotard. Een herwaardering aan de hand van twee pati\u00ebnten met een onsterfelijkheidswaan [Cotard's syndrome. A revaluation along two case reports of patients with an immortality delusion]","volume":"25","author":"Bleeker JAC","year":"1983","journal-title":"Tijdschr Psychiatr"},{"volume-title":"Kan men een hemel klaren, even zwart als drek. Historische, psychiatrische en fenomenologisch\u2010antropologische beschouwingen over depressie en melancholie. [Can one make a sky, as black as a dragon? Historical, psychiatric and phenomenological\u2010anthropological considerations about depression and melancholy]","year":"2000","author":"Godderis J","key":"e_1_2_9_21_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203336984_chapter_12"},{"volume-title":"Vormen van de religieuze ervaring. 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