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Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a newly developed, noninvasive technique for enhancing brain function, which has shown promising effects on cognitive function in both animals and humans. This randomized, sham\u2010controlled study sought to examine the effects of PBM on the frontal brain function of older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods\/designs<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty older adults without a neuropsychiatric history performed cognitive tests of frontal function (ie, the Eriksen flanker and category fluency tests) before and after a single 7.5\u2010minute session of real or sham PBM. The PBM device consisted of three separate light\u2010emitting diode cluster heads (633 and 870\u00a0nm), which were applied to both sides of the forehead and posterior midline, and delivered a total energy of 1349\u00a0J.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significant group (experimental, control)\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0time (pre\u2010PBM, post\u2010PBM) interactions were found for the flanker and category fluency test scores. Specifically, only the older adults who received real PBM exhibited significant improvements in their action selection, inhibition ability, and mental flexibility after vs before PBM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings support that PBM may enhance the frontal brain functions of older adults in a safe and cost\u2010effective manner.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,26]],"date-time":"2018-11-26T04:32:12Z","timestamp":1543206732000},"page":"369-377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Photobiomodulation improves the frontal cognitive function of older 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