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critical for understanding information from health\u2010care providers and correct use of medications and includes the capacity to filter other information in navigating health care systems. Older adults with low health literacy exhibit more chronic health conditions, worse physical functioning, and poorer mental health. This study examined the relationship between sociodemographic variables and health literacy, and the impact of cognitive training on change in health literacy over 10\u00a0years in older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants (N\u00a0=\u00a02,802) aged 65\u00a0years and older completed assessments, including reading and numeracy health literacy items, as part of the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly (ACTIVE) study. We evaluated baseline sociodemographic variables and change in health literacy over a 10\u2010year period in individuals exposed to cognitive training in reasoning, processing speed, memory, or a no\u2010contact control condition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Age, sex, race, education level, and general cognitive functioning at baseline were all associated with baseline health literacy in older adults. Predictors of change in health literacy over the 10\u2010year follow\u2010up were age, race, education level, general cognitive functioning, and neighborhood income; disparities in health literacy because of race attenuated over time, while the effect of age increased over time. Health literacy was generally stable across the ACTIVE intervention groups over 10\u00a0years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study showed important disparities in health literacy level and change over 10\u00a0years. Cognitive training did not significantly impact health literacy, suggesting that alternative approaches are needed to reduce the disparities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,13]],"date-time":"2018-12-13T05:23:33Z","timestamp":1544678613000},"page":"563-570","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Health literacy, sociodemographic factors, and cognitive training in the active study of older adults"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2648-8182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven P.","family":"Verney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of New Mexico  Albuquerque NM USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5054-2543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura E.","family":"Gibbons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington, UW Medicine Memory and Brain Wellness Center Harborview Medical Center  Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia O.","family":"Dmitrieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Arizona University, College of Social and Behavioral Sciences  Flagstaff AZ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7132-5003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra M.","family":"Kueider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Duke University, Duke Institute for Brain Sciences  Durham NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael W.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1093-0477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oanh L.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer's Disease Center Department of Neurology University of California, Davis School of Medicine  Sacramento CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9481-7497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer J.","family":"Manly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain Columbia University Medical Center  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon M.","family":"Sisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterans Affairs Danville  IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5973-2116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Marsiske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Health Psychology University of Florida  Gainesville FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 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