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However, multinational, representative studies are lacking, particularly from low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries (LMICs). Thus, we assessed the association between muscular strength (measured by maximal handgrip) and MCI in six LMICs (China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa), using nationally representative data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional, community\u2010based data on individuals aged 50\u00a0years or older from the World Health Organization's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health were analyzed. MCI was defined according to the National Institute on Aging\u2010Alzheimer's Association criteria. Weak handgrip strength was defined as less than 30\u00a0kg for men and less than 20\u00a0kg for women using the average value of two handgrip measurements of the dominant hand. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between muscular strength and MCI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 32\u00a0715 participants were included (mean age 62\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0SD 15.6\u00a0y and 51.7% female). The prevalence of MCI and weak handgrip strength was 15.3% (95% CI, 14.4%\u201016.3%) and 46.5% (95% CI, 43.6%\u201049.5%), respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, weak handgrip strength was associated with 1.41 (95% CI, 1.23\u20101.61) times higher odds for MCI. The corresponding figures for those aged 50 to 64\u00a0years and 65\u00a0years or older were 1.35 (95% CI, 1.14\u20101.60) and 1.54 (95% CI, 1.27\u20101.86), respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Muscular weakness may provide a clinically useful indicator of MCI risk. Increasing our understanding of the connection between muscular and cognitive function could ultimately lead to the development and broader implementation of resistance training interventions targeting both physical and cognitive health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,24]],"date-time":"2019-01-24T08:27:53Z","timestamp":1548318473000},"page":"609-616","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Associations between handgrip strength and mild cognitive impairment in middle\u2010aged and older adults in six low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4592-8625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davy","family":"Vancampfort","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"University 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