{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T15:51:32Z","timestamp":1788364292331,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]],"date-time":"2020-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41801306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41801306"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51778552"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51778552"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Geriat Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Air pollution, especially PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> (particulate matter with a diameter of below 2.5\u2009\u03bcm), has been recognized as a key environmental factor that affects mental health, but few studies have focused on its influence on older adults, who are a vulnerable group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study focused on the influence of PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> on health\u2010related behaviors, such as physical activities and social contact, to assess their role as mediators of depression among older adults in China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used data (N = 24\u2009623) from the CHARLS (China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study) of 2011\u20102015. CES\u2010D 10 (Center for Epidemiology Studies of Depression scale) was used to measure depression. Using multilevel linear models, we examined the relationships between the variables, with different times nested within the same individual and individuals nested within the cities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Before mediators were added, depression symptoms among older adults increased with annual concentration of PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> (Coeff = 0.57, SE = 0.11). However, after the mediators were added, the coefficient of the annual concentration of PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> decreased (Coeff = 0.37, SE = 0.10). While both physical activities (Sobel test <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic> score = 2.37, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> value = .02) and social contact (<jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic> score = 7.33, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> value = .00) mediated the relationship between PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> and depression, the mediating effects decreased with increasing PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exposure to PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>, therefore, increases depressive symptoms in older Chinese adults by decreasing their physical activities and social contact. Also, the positive effects of physical activities and social contact on depression decreased with increasing PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> concentrations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,3]],"date-time":"2020-02-03T13:32:57Z","timestamp":1580736777000},"page":"610-616","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["The longitudinal relationship between exposure to air pollution and depression in older adults"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7240-558X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruoyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Information Engineering China University of Geosciences  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boyi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penghua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Planning Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo\u2010Simulation Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinbao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Planning Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo\u2010Simulation Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou 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