{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T14:36:55Z","timestamp":1790087815571,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,15]],"date-time":"2020-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002283","name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002283","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013\/11571\u20109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\/11571\u20109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016\/22123\u20105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\/22123\u20105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007155","name":"Medical Research Council Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Geriat Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>The presence of age\u2010related neuropathology characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in people with Down syndrome (DS) is well\u2010established. However, the early symptoms of dementia may be atypical and appear related to dysfunction of prefrontal circuitry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To characterize the initial informant reported age\u2010related neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia in people with DS, and their relationship to AD and frontal lobe function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non\u2010amnestic informant reported symptoms (disinhibition, apathy, and executive dysfunction) and amnestic symptoms from the CAMDEX\u2010DS informant interview were analyzed in a cross\u2010sectional cohort of 162 participants with DS over 30\u2009years of age, divided into three groups: stable cognition, prodromal dementia, and AD. To investigate age\u2010related symptoms prior to evidence of prodromal dementia we stratified the stable cognition group by age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Amnestic and non\u2010amnestic symptoms were present before evidence of informant\u2010reported cognitive decline. In those who received the diagnosis of AD, symptoms tended to be more marked. Memory impairments were more marked in the prodromal dementia than the stable cognition group (OR = 35.07; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;\u2009.001), as was executive dysfunction (OR = 7.16; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;\u2009.001). Disinhibition was greater in the AD than in the prodromal dementia group (OR = 3.54; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =\u2009.04). Apathy was more pronounced in the AD than in the stable cognition group (OR = 34.18; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;\u2009.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Premorbid amnestic and non\u2010amnestic symptoms as reported by informants increase with the progression to AD. For the formal diagnosis of AD in DS this progression of symptoms needs to be taken into account. An understanding of the unique clinical presentation of DS in AD should inform treatment options.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]],"date-time":"2020-02-26T06:51:36Z","timestamp":1582699896000},"page":"650-661","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Amnestic and non\u2010amnestic symptoms of dementia: An international study of Alzheimer's disease in people with Down's syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2849-0545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciana M.","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa Terceira Idade (PROTER, Old Age Research Group), Department and Institute of Psychiatry University of S\u00e3o Paulo School of Medicine  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"},{"name":"Department of Medical Education and Clinical Science Washington State University  Spokane Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concepcion","family":"Padilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Neale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenda G.","family":"Haddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa Terceira Idade (PROTER, Old Age Research Group), Department and Institute of Psychiatry University of S\u00e3o Paulo School of Medicine  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme P.","family":"Mattar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa Terceira Idade (PROTER, Old Age Research Group), Department and Institute of Psychiatry University of S\u00e3o Paulo School of Medicine  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eriton","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mathematics and Statistics University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel C. H.","family":"Clare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"},{"name":"Cambridgeshire &amp; Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust  Cambridge UK"},{"name":"NIHR Applied Research Collaboration East of England  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geraldo F.","family":"Busatto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa Terceira Idade (PROTER, Old Age Research Group), Department and Institute of Psychiatry University of S\u00e3o Paulo School of Medicine  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Neuroimagem em Psiquiatria (LIM21, Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging), Department and Institute of Psychiatry University of S\u00e3o Paulo School of Medicine  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassio M. C.","family":"Bottino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa Terceira Idade (PROTER, Old Age Research Group), Department and Institute of Psychiatry University of S\u00e3o Paulo School of Medicine  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo Q.","family":"Hoexter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Projeto Transtornos do Espectro Obsessivo\u2010Compulsivo (PROTOC, Obsessive\u2010Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Program), Department and Institute of Psychiatry University of S\u00e3o Paulo School of Medicine  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony J.","family":"Holland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahid","family":"Zaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"},{"name":"Cambridgeshire &amp; Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.172.6.493"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2006.00842.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170624"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"400","article-title":"Prospective study of the prevalence of Alzheimer\u2010type dementia in institutionalized individuals with Down syndrome","volume":"101","author":"Visser FE","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Ment Retard"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.2210"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410170310"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1995.00540280065020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2015.07.490"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2015.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.10.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.21.8266"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1566067"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.115.167569"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4606"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2788.2002.00365.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/2008.113:369-386"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a006171"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-017-9341-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1545"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2010.01271.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170920"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.02.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.571"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4228"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.2.356"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1992.00530280101029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-161112"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.01.137"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.01251"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000442941"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","volume-title":"International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2004.00630.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","volume-title":"Task Force on DSM\u2010IV. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM\u2010IV","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.149.6.698"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2018-0033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09540269309037801"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23311908.2016.1185226"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205012666151020114607"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.08.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000219668.47116.e6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06347.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wad.0000201854.62116.d7"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","first-page":"1299","article-title":"Meta\u2010analysis of modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"86","author":"Xu W","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12438"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12390"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.12231"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fgps.5283","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/gps.5283","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/gps.5283","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/gps.5283","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T08:08:12Z","timestamp":1693987692000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/gps.5283"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,15]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/gps.5283"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.5283","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-6230","1099-1166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-6230","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1166","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-10-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-02-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-03-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}