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We included 196 patients newly diagnosed with AD (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0111) and LBD (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a085), followed annually for 5 years. Three prescription groups were defined: only benzodiazepines (BZD), only antidepressants (ADep), and the combination of benzodiazepines and antidepressants (BZD\u2010ADep). Linear mixed\u2010effects models were conducted to analyze the effect of the defined groups on the outcomes. The outcomes were functional decline, measured by the Rapid Disability Rating Scale\u20142, and cognition measured with the Mini\u2010Mental State Examination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prescription of the combination of benzodiazepines and antidepressants in LBD was associated with faster functional decline. In AD, the prescription of BZD and BZD\u2010ADep was associated with greater functional deterioration. ADep alone did not show positive or negative significant associations with the studied outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>BZD and especially the combination of BZD and ADep are associated with functional decline in AD and LBD and should be used cautiously.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T05:24:53Z","timestamp":1609478693000},"page":"917-925","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Benzodiazepines and antidepressants: Effects on cognitive and functional decline in Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body dementia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5832-0603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel Germ\u00e1n","family":"Borda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Age\u2010Related Medicine 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