{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T00:57:42Z","timestamp":1769302662990,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]],"date-time":"2021-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Geriat Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Several countries have implemented \u2018lockdown\u2019 measures to curb the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the psychological, physical activity (PA), and financial impact of a 2\u2010month COVID\u201019 lockdown on older adults aged \u226560\u00a0years in Singapore, and to identify factors associated with adverse lockdown\u2010related outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We interviewed 496 community\u2010dwelling adults (mean age [standard deviation]: 73.8 [7.6] years; 54.8% female) during the lockdown who had previously participated in a population\u2010based epidemiological study. Validated questionnaires were utilised to assess loneliness and depressive symptoms at both timepoints, while inhouse questionnaires were used to assess PA and financial difficulty during lockdown. Multivariable regression models determined the lockdown\u2010related change in loneliness and depression scores, and the factors associated with adverse outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Loneliness increased significantly during the lockdown period (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) while depressive symptoms decreased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.022). Decreased PA, greater financial problems, male gender, Indian ethnicity, living alone, having a greater body mass index and perceived susceptibility to COVID\u201019 were all associated with worsening loneliness scores. A total of 36.9% and 19.6% participants reported decreased PA and had financial problems during the lockdown, respectively. Unemployment was associated with decreased PA, while self\u2010employed individuals, cleaners, retail workers and smokers had greater odds of experiencing financial difficulty.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite a decrease in depressive symptoms, our population of older Asians reported a significant increase in loneliness and decreased PA, with one\u2010fifth experiencing financial problems during lockdown. Our data suggest that more targeted public health efforts are needed to reduce repercussions of future lockdowns.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]],"date-time":"2021-11-02T20:47:37Z","timestamp":1635886057000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The longitudinal psychological, physical activity, and financial impact of a COVID\u201019 lockdown on older adults in Singapore: The PIONEER\u2010COVID population\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8392-8853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ester Pei Xuan","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute  Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5028-605X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan Eyn Kidd","family":"Man","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute  Singapore"},{"name":"Singapore National Eye Centre  Singapore"},{"name":"Duke\u2010NUS Medical School  Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tau Liang Alfred","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute  Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0417-2048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva K.","family":"Fenwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute  Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8859-5592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amudha","family":"Aravindhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute  Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9029-4329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kam Chun","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute  Singapore"},{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science University of New South Wales Sydney  Kensington New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3293-2112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon Cohan","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke\u2010NUS Medical School  Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Developmental Psychiatry Institute of Mental Health  Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8448-1264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tien Yin","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute  Singapore"},{"name":"Singapore National Eye Centre  Singapore"},{"name":"Duke\u2010NUS Medical School  Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7092-9566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cyrus Su Hui","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore  Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8285-0783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Preeti","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute  Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8674-5705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ecosse L.","family":"Lamoureux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute  Singapore"},{"name":"Singapore National Eye Centre  Singapore"},{"name":"Duke\u2010NUS Medical School  Singapore"},{"name":"Ophthalmology Eye and Ear Hospital The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","article-title":"One million coronavirus deaths: how did we get here?","author":"Safi M","journal-title":"The Guardian"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","article-title":"Coronavirus: how S'pore's circuit breaker compares with other countries' lockdowns","author":"Fung M","journal-title":"The Straits Times"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","article-title":"Singapore's circuit breaker and beyond: Timeline of the COVID\u201019 reality","author":"Baker JA","journal-title":"CNA"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2020.212"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.589359"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.565153"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30168-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5558"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.115.168005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbaa111"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2021.100751"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2020.79"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-020-1501-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13616"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","article-title":"The Big Read: with COVID\u201019 annihilating jobs, many are feeling the pain \u2013 and it will get worse","author":"Ong J","journal-title":"Channel NewsAsia"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246824"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2020.0206"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874609811003020138"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027504268574"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2010.09.020"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","first-page":"1171","article-title":"Repeated measure designs and Rasch","volume":"22","author":"Chien T","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rasch Meas Trans"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MLR.0000062554.74615.4C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/appy.12101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1131068"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","volume-title":"KDIGO 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease","author":"Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705500802222972"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30061-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2020.06.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720003438"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2020.100091"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000001962"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","volume-title":"Sports Index Participation Trends 2015","author":"Market Insights\u00a0& Consumer Analytics (Sport Singapore)","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","volume-title":"Solidarity Budget 2020: Additional Cash Payments to Help Families Get Through Circuit Breaker Phase","author":"Government of Singapore","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Immediate employment and income impacts of Covid\u201019 in New Zealand: evidence from a survey conducted during the Alert Level 4 lockdown","author":"Fletcher M","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Z Econ Pap"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajag.12496"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","unstructured":"Singapore Department of Statistics.M810671 \u2013 Singapore citizens by age group ethnic group and sex end June annual.https:\/\/www.tablebuilder.singstat.gov.sg\/publicfacing\/createDataTable.action?refId=15689"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00378"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.11.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66784-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18116118"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/gps.5645","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/gps.5645","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/gps.5645","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T04:03:57Z","timestamp":1693195437000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/gps.5645"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/gps.5645"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.5645","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-6230","1099-1166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-6230","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1166","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-05-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-10-31","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-11-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"gps.5645"}}