{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T16:06:58Z","timestamp":1788278818200,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,23]],"date-time":"2022-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Geriat Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although psychiatric disorders have been found to be associated with increased risk of dementia, previous findings are mixed, and the nature of these relationships remains poorly understood. We examined longitudinal associations between depression, anxiety, post\u2010traumatic stress disorders (PTSD), bipolar disorder (BPD), psychotic disorders and subsequent dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched three databases for longitudinal, population\u2010based studies investigating associations between psychiatric disorders and dementia (PROSPERO registration: CRD42020209638). We conducted narrative synthesis, and random\u2010effects meta\u2010analyses to obtain pooled estimates. We used meta\u2010regression and stratified analyses to examine variation by sex, age\u2010at\u2010onset and follow\u2010up time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fifty\u2010seven citations met eligibility criteria. Most studies focussed on depression (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a033), which was associated with subsequent all\u2010cause dementia (pooled relative risk [RR]: 1.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.59\u20132.43;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a096.5%), Alzheimer's Disease (pooled RR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.52\u20132.38;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a085.5%), and Vascular Dementia (pooled RR: 2.71, 95% CI: 2.48\u20132.97;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00). Associations were stronger in studies with shorter follow\u2010up periods and for severe and late\u2010onset depression. Findings regarding anxiety were mixed, and we did not find evidence of an overall association (pooled RR: 1.18, 95% CI: 0.96\u20131.45;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a052.2%,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a05). Despite sparse evidence, psychotic disorders (pooled RR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.44\u20133.31;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a099%), PTSD and BPD were associated with subsequent dementia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People with psychiatric disorders represent high\u2010risk groups for dementia, highlighting the importance of ongoing symptom monitoring in these groups. Findings regarding temporality and age\u2010at\u2010onset indicate that depression symptoms could reflect prodromal dementia for some individuals. Further longitudinal research is required to determine whether psychiatric disorders represent causal risk factors or early markers of dementia neuropathology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]],"date-time":"2022-04-11T22:14:58Z","timestamp":1649715298000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":120,"title":["Psychiatric disorders and risk of subsequent dementia: Systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of longitudinal studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0144-9200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean","family":"Stafford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing University College London (UCL)  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wing Tung","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry University College London (UCL)  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8895-7055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Sommerlad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry University College London (UCL)  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3401-0824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James B.","family":"Kirkbride","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry University College London (UCL)  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3071-2338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry University College London (UCL)  London UK"},{"name":"Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205011666140812115004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S172933"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.112.118307"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2016.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(20)30367\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2018.173"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2020.150"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21509"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70044-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","volume-title":"The Newcastle\u2010Ottawa Scale (NOS) for Assessing the quality of Nonrandomized Studies in meta\u2010analysis bias and Confounding Newcastle\u2010Ottawa Scale","author":"Wells G","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"315","article-title":"Meta\u2010analysis. 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