{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:44:57Z","timestamp":1784853897788,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,16]],"date-time":"2023-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Geriat Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Delirium has been rarely studied in older West Africans. We sought to investigate its correlates and outcomes in hospitalized older Ghanaians.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a one\u2010month prospective observational study. Delirium prevalence was assessed within 24\u00a0h of admission using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM). Incident delirium was determined with repeat CAM assessments on post\u2010admission days 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28, after censoring participants with prevalent delirium. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore risk factors. Estimates of adjusted hazard ratios for mortality were derived with the discrete time version of the Cox regression model for time invariant explanatory variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 483 participants, 250 (51.8%, 95% CI: 47.3\u201356.3) had prevalent delirium while 10 of the remaining 233 (4.3%, 95% CI: 2.1\u20137.8) developed incident delirium. Being older than 80\u00a0years (adjusted odds ratio (OR)\u00a0=\u00a02.1, 95% CI: 1.2\u20133.6), having no formal education (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.2, 95% CI: 1.4\u20133.4), stroke (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.8, 95% CI: 1.1\u20133.0), infection (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.9, 95% CI: 1.2\u20133.0), and high Triage Early Warning Score (OR\u00a0=\u00a06.9, 95% CI: 2.5\u201319.0) predicted delirium. Delirium (adjusted hazard ratio (HR)\u00a0=\u00a01.8, 95% CI: 1.0\u20133.3) and high TEWS (HR\u00a0=\u00a04.6 (95% CI: 1.7\u201312.7) at baseline predicted mortality. These factors also predicted longer hospital stay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Over half of hospital\u2010treated older Ghanaians in the present study had delirium on the first day of admission. The syndrome prolonged hospitalisation and increased mortality risk. Future studies in West Africa may investigate the epidemiology of delirium in primary care and community settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T05:31:56Z","timestamp":1681709516000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Risk factors and outcomes of delirium in hospitalized older Ghanaians"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7320-6104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John\u2010Paul","family":"Omuojine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Unit Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital  Kumasi Ghana"},{"name":"Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology  Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toyin","family":"Bello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health, Neuroscience, and Substance Abuse College of Medicine University of Ibadan  Ibadan Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Wemakor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priscilla Kolibea","family":"Mante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology  Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George Sedinam","family":"Amponsah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Unit Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital  Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwabena","family":"Kusi\u2010Mensah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Unit Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital  Kumasi Ghana"},{"name":"Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology  Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Owusu\u2010Antwi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology  Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fred S.","family":"Sarfo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology  Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sammy","family":"Ohene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Ghana Medical School  Legon Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7612-8017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akin","family":"Ojagbemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health, Neuroscience, and Substance Abuse College of Medicine University of Ibadan  Ibadan Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"Who Cares Wins \u2013 Royal College of Psychiatrists. 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