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Primary outcomes were the depression score after treatment, presented as standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. Response\/remission and long\u2010term antidepressant efficacy were also examined. We estimated effect\u2010size using pairwise and Bayesian network meta\u2010analysis (NMA) with random\u2010effects model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 33 studies (total <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01793). In NMA, 5 of 6 treatment strategies were associated with higher effect compared with sham therapy: dual rTMS (standardized mean differences\u00a0=\u00a0\u22121.5; 95% confidence interval\u00a0=\u00a0\u22122.5 to \u22120.57), dual LFrTMS (\u22121.5, \u22122.4 to \u22120.61), dual tDCS (\u22121.1, \u22121.5 to \u22120.62), HFrTMS (\u22121.1, \u22121.3 to \u22120.85) and LFrTMS (\u22120.90, \u22121.2 to \u22120.6). And dual rTMS, dual LFrTMS or HFrTMS may be more effective than other interventions for achieving antidepressant effects. Regarding secondary outcomes, rTMS can promote depression remission and response, and alleviate depression for at least 1\u00a0month. rTMS and tDCS were well tolerated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bilateral rTMS and HFrTMS are considered top\u2010priority non\u2010invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) interventions for improving PSD. Dual tDCS and LFrTMS are also efficient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings of this study provide evidence for considering NIBS techniques as alternative or add\u2010on treatments for patients with PSD. This work also emphasizes the need for future clinical trials to address the inadequacies identified in this review to optimize methodological quality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T04:22:49Z","timestamp":1686198169000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Non\u2010invasive brain stimulation for treating post\u2010stroke depression: A network meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Sun","family":"Yanyu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Nanjing Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Nanjing Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital  Nanjing 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