{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T14:51:40Z","timestamp":1788965500323,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R13AG030995"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R13AG030995"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AG059300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AG059300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01AG073588"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01AG073588"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG082307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG082307"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG065359"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG065359"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AG072978"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AG072978"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R00AG066934"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R00AG066934"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KL2TR002241"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KL2TR002241"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR002240"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002240"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Geriat Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sensory impairment is a hypothesized risk factor for cognitive decline; however, the psychosocial pathways are not well understood. We evaluated whether the association between visual impairment (VI) and cognitive decline was partially mediated via depressive symptoms, loneliness, or social activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used data from 2601 older adults enrolled in the Memory and Aging Project in 1997 and the Minority Aging Research Study in 2004 with neuropsychological tests across five domains measured annually for up to 16\u00a0years. VI was assessed with the Rosenbaum Pocket Vision Screener. Depressive symptoms, loneliness, and social activity were self\u2010reported using validated scales. We used structural equation models to estimate the associations of VI with baseline and change in cognitive function, directly and indirectly through each mediator (depressive symptoms, loneliness, and social activity). We evaluated mediation via \u201cpsychological distress\u201d using a latent variable combining depressive symptoms and loneliness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The association between VI and global cognitive decline was mediated via lower social activity (indirect effect) [95% confidence interval (CI)] of linear slope: \u22120.025 (\u22120.048, \u22120.011), via loneliness (\u22120.011 [95% CI: \u22120.028, \u22120.002]), and via psychological distress (\u22120.017 [95% CI: \u22120.042, \u22120.003]). We did not find sufficient evidence for mediation via depressive symptoms alone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The harmful effect of VI on cognitive decline may be partially mediated through loneliness and lower social activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.6123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T01:49:23Z","timestamp":1721267363000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Depression, loneliness, and lower social activity as partial mediators of the association between visual impairment and cognitive decline"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7604-075X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine A.","family":"Moon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health and Engineering Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6716-6927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ketlyne","family":"Sol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Environment and Health Program Institute for Social Research University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie M.","family":"Simone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Temple University  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afsara B.","family":"Zaheed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Krasnova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Columbia Mailman School of Public Health  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan M.","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology \u2010 BIPS  Bremen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jet M. J.","family":"Vonk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Memory and Aging Center University of California San Francisco (UCSF)  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith F.","family":"Widaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Education University of California  Riverside California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole M.","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Brown University Alpert School of Medicine  Providence Rhode Island USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gly264"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD\u2010210250"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glaa036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol\u20102013\u2010304149"},{"issue":"260","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Summary health statistics for U.S. adults: national health interview survey, 2012","volume":"10","author":"Blackwell DL","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","volume-title":"Universal Eye Health: A Global Action Plan 2014\u20102019","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12362"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association.2022 Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Facts and Figures;2022.https:\/\/www.alz.org\/media\/documents\/alzheimers\u2010facts\u2010and\u2010figures.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnz117"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2005.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264315624909"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2021.1557"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"e33","article-title":"Associations between sensory loss and social networks, participation, support, and loneliness: analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging","volume":"64","author":"Mick P","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician Med Fam Can"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.94.5.823"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp\u20102012\u2010302755"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(17)31363\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532\u20105415.2003.51373.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474\u20104422(04)00767\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD\u2010179939"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/156720512801322627"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089826439300500202"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.2.234"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.135"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000096129"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","volume-title":"Mplus User\u2019s Guide","author":"Muth\u00e9n L","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u20103514.51.6.1173"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327906mbr3901_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2010.498290"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471\u20100528.15691"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201055696\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08982643211063338"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.1092297"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264312468033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205\u2010016\u20101252\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glab128"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ics.2005.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2010.488711"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/52B.3.S135"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/30.3.377"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291796004485"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/gps.6123","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T08:00:59Z","timestamp":1721894459000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/gps.6123"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/gps.6123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.6123","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-6230","1099-1166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-6230","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1166","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-11-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e6123"}}