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This study clarifies this association in an Australian context.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is a secondary analysis of four biennial waves of prospective population\u2010based neuropsychological measures from 1026 functionally independent Sydney Memory and Ageing Study participants aged 70\u201390\u00a0years at baseline, and contemporaneous probabilistically\u2010linked hospitalization data. The outcome measures were global cognition baseline (intercept) and change (slope) and their associations with hospitalization episodes and cumulative length of stay (cLOS) variables in five consecutive 2\u2010year time intervals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      One thousand twenty\u2010six individuals had a mean age of 78.8\u00a0years, a mean Mini\u2010Mental State Examination score of 28.7, a mean of 3.3 hospitalizations and 18.9\u00a0days in hospital over 10 years. Mean global cognition z\u2010score change\/year was \u22120.133, adjusted for age, sex and education. Hospitalizations and cLOS in the final time interval were associated with a change in slope of \u22120.012 global cognition z\u2010score\/hospitalization\/year (Standard Error [SE]\u00a0=\u00a00.005,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.014) and \u22120.002 z\u2010score\/day\u2010in\u2010hospital\/year (SE\u00a0=\u00a00.001,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Further investigation of these associations with time\u2010lagged models showed that pooled recent hospitalizations were associated with accelerated cognitive decline of \u22120.036 change in cognition\/year\/episode\u2010of\u2010hospitalization (SE\u00a0=\u00a00.012,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.004) and \u22120.008 change in cognition\/year\/day\u2010in\u2010hospital (SE\u00a0=\u00a00.002,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) rather than non\u2010recent hospitalizations (Wald test for difference between pooled recent and non\u2010recent effects had\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010values of 0.011 and\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001 for hospitalization episodes and days respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study confirms and adds nuance to international findings that overnight hospitalization is associated with accelerated cognitive decline. This association was dose\u2010dependent, had a recency effect and was independent of illness severity in the case of cLOS. These findings suggest that all\u2010cause acute hospitalization may be a reversible risk factor for cognitive decline. This needs further clarification and the development of interventions to minimise the impact of acute illness hospitalization on cognitive trajectory. To this end, broadening the scope of acute care in the home and the prevention and treatment of neuroinflammation are priorities for further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.70077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T21:30:49Z","timestamp":1746135049000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["All\u2010Cause Acute Illness Hospitalisations in the Preceding Two Years Are Associated With Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: The Sydney Memory and Ageing Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3300-1678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Chinnappa\u2010Quinn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Healthy Brain and Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health School of Clinical Medicine UNSW  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia Eastern Health  Box Hill Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben C. P.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Healthy Brain and Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health School of Clinical Medicine UNSW  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychology and Public Health La Trobe University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Harvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Falls, Balance and Injury Research Centre Neuroscience Research Australia  Randwick Australia"},{"name":"School of Population Health UNSW  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole A.","family":"Kochan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Healthy Brain and Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health School of Clinical Medicine UNSW  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John D.","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Healthy Brain and Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health School of Clinical Medicine UNSW  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve R.","family":"Makkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Healthy Brain and Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health School of Clinical Medicine UNSW  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9487-6617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henry","family":"Brodaty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Healthy Brain and Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health School of Clinical Medicine UNSW  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9595-3220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Perminder S.","family":"Sachdev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Healthy Brain and Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health School of Clinical Medicine UNSW  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Neuropsychiatric Institute Prince of Wales Hospital  Randwick Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/yco.0000000000000565"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.167"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.0b013e31824d5894"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.0000000000001439"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16909"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2017.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877\u2010022\u201003701\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.903455"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004053"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","volume-title":"Admitted Patient Care 2015\u201016: Australian Hospital Statistics","author":"AIHW AIoHaW","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23964"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","volume-title":"World Alzheimer Report 2022: Life After Diagnosis: Navigating Treatment, Care and Support","author":"Gauthier S.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25621"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s1041610220001763"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610210001067"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","volume-title":"Master Linkage Key Quality Assurance","author":"CHeReL","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","article-title":"Data From: Australian Refined Diagnosis\u2010Related Groups (AR\u2010DRG) Data Cubes","volume":"216","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare","journal-title":"Cat. no. 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