{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:24:03Z","timestamp":1790871843914,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Geriat Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Air pollution has a detrimental effect on the risk of dementia and cataract. This study aimed to investigate the association of air pollution with the dynamic transitions of cataract and dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research Design and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We enrolled 409,608 participants (mean age: 56.4\u00a0years; 45.9% male) free of cataract and dementia at baseline from the UK Biobank with follow\u2010up until 30 September 2023. We estimated the annual average concentrations of particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter \u2264 2.5\u00a0\u03bcm (PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), \u2264 10\u00a0\u03bcm (PM\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), nitrogen dioxide (NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), and nitrogen oxides (NO\n                      <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) at 2010. We employed multi\u2010state models to assess the association between air pollution and the dynamic transitions of cataract and dementia after adjusting for potential confounders.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      During a median follow\u2010up of 14.5\u00a0years, 51,786 participants were diagnosed with cataracts, and 6068 with dementia. PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      showed the strongest association with the transitions from healthy to cataract (hazard ratio [HR], 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04\u20131.06;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), from healthy to dementia (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02\u20131.09;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.002), from cataract to comorbidity (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.00\u20131.15;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.048), from healthy to death (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01\u20131.05;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), and from cataract to death (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02\u20131.10;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.007).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study suggested that the long\u2010term exposure to air pollution was associated an increased risk of the transitions from health to incident cataract, dementia or the progression of both conditions. This implied the importance of implementing air pollution control strategies to prevent cataract and dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.70090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T23:43:36Z","timestamp":1745883816000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Association of Ambient Air Pollution With Dynamic Transitions of Cataract and Dementia: A UK Biobank Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4482-2503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kang","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Affiliated Jinling Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Refractive 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