{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T10:58:15Z","timestamp":1775645895300,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008376","name":"Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["212 9003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["212 9003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008376","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Geriat Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this longitudinal register study was to examine the crime counts, crime incidence and timing of criminal activity in relation to the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Lewy body dementias (LBD). The objective was to analyse the associated risk factors and risk relations among the offender categories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We collected register data from Finnish nationwide registers (Finnish Care Register for Health Care and Finnish National Police Register) between 1998 and 2015. Mortality statistics were collected until the end of 2018 (Statistics Finland). Our study included a total of 92,189 patients, of whom 80,540 had AD, 1059 had FTD, and 10,590 had LBD. We examined the crimes committed by the study population before and after diagnosis. In the follow\u2010up, we primarily focussed on the 4\u2010year period and secondarily on the 10\u2010year period after diagnosis. First, we measured the post\u2010diagnostic crime rates in patients who had committed crimes before diagnosis and in those who had not; we also calculated the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of post\u2010diagnosis crimes in these groups. Second, we calculated the cumulative incidence of first post\u2010diagnoses crimes and investigated the risk of the first post\u2010diagnoses crime by calculating the adjusted subhazard ratio (sHR) in pre\u2010diagnosis offenders and non\u2010offenders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most of the study population did not exhibit criminal behaviour before or after diagnosis. However, individuals who had engaged in criminal behaviour before diagnosis also showed a higher incidence of criminal activity in the 4\u2010year period after diagnosis compared to patients with no criminal history prior to diagnosis. They also showed a steep increase in the cumulative incidence of the first post\u2010diagnosis crime, particularly in the first 2\u00a0years after diagnosis. The age\u2010 and sex\u2010adjusted sHR for the occurrence of the first post\u2010diagnosis crime was 4.42 (95% confidence interval: 3.83\u20135.11) in AD, 4.36 (2.15\u20138.83) in FTD and 4.87 (3.88\u20136.12) in LBD in pre\u2010diagnosis offenders versus non\u2010offenders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals with a history of criminal behaviour before diagnosis of a neurocognitive disorder showed higher rates and a higher risk of future criminal activity. The cumulative incidence rose steeply during the first 2\u00a0years after diagnosis and after more gradually. Criminal activity closer to the time of diagnosis, especially 1\u00a0year prior, was the strongest predictor in increasing the risk of future criminal behaviour.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.70131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T03:58:20Z","timestamp":1752724700000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Criminal Trajectories Across the Dementia Timeline\u2014A Nationwide Finnish Register Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2558-5169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milena","family":"Ginters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiina","family":"Talaslahti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannu","family":"Kautiainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Health Care Unit Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio Finland and Folkh\u00e4lsan Research Center  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Risto","family":"Vataja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0719-295X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anniina","family":"Palm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Elonheimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Criminology and Restorative Justice University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaana","family":"Suvisaari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare Mental Health Team  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Lindberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannu","family":"Koponen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization \u201cDementia \u201dhttps:\/\/www.who.int\/news\u2010room\/fact\u2010sheets\/detail\/dementia."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD\u2010191092"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468\u20102667(21)00249\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","unstructured":"Dementia Australia S.Baker S.Banerjee L.Barclay et\u00a0al. Alzheimer\u2019s Disease International World Alzheimer Report 2019: Attitudes to Dementia.2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2020.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.70134"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD\u2010170028"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.0261"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2023.01.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12695"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.2161"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","unstructured":"Care Register For Health Care Finnish institute for health and welfare.Care Register for Health Care."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","volume-title":"The ICD\u201010 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Diagnostic Criteria for Research","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127\u2010010\u20100260\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","unstructured":"Statistics Finland Deaths.2021(15.6.) https:\/\/www.stat.fi\/til\/kuol\/index_en.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","first-page":"348","volume-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Crime and Criminal Justice","author":"Gartner R.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2014.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","volume-title":"Clinical Neurology, 11e","author":"Greenberg D. A.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2017.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474\u20104422(10)70306\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14042"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.12577"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260520913652"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988718787071"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964\u2010013\u20109926\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.3781"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.108.049619"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666\u20107568(21)00140\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD\u2010131856"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1099\u20101166(199907)14:7<541::aid\u2010gps961>3.0.co"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4777"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S314959"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494812456637"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2013.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17538157.2017.1297306"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.382"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2015.14101248"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa018"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/gps.70131","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/gps.70131","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/gps.70131","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T10:13:49Z","timestamp":1775643229000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/gps.70131"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/gps.70131"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.70131","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-6230","1099-1166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-6230","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1166","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70131"}}