{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:06:14Z","timestamp":1790190374954,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Geriat Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are critical aspects of the clinical presentation of dementia. There is no universally accepted approach for the managment of BPSD, currently based first on a non\u2010pharmacological and subsequently on a pharmacological approach. We explored the potential effect of long\u2010term treatment with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) on BPSD severity over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The initial sample included 4032 older patients with mild\u2010moderate dementia (Alzhemier's disease \u2010 AD, Lewy body dementia \u2010 LBD, or vascular dementias \u2010 VaD) from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set (NACC UDS). After propensity score matching, a cohort of 1408 patients (704 treated with AChEI\u00a0=\u00a0AChEI+ and 704 not treated\u00a0=\u00a0AChEI\u2212) was generated. The mean age was 73.2\u00a0years (females: 50.4%). The mean follow\u2010up duration was 4.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.6\u00a0years (range: 2.2\u20138.3\u00a0years). Patients were evaluated at baseline, T1 (2\u00a0years), T2 (4\u00a0years), T3 (6.2\u00a0years), and T4 (8.1\u00a0years). BPSD severity was assessed by Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI\u2010Q).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The baseline mean NPI\u2010Q severity score was 1.33. At T4, the score increased to 1.41 in AChEI\u2212 patients (+6% from baseline), while it decreased to 1.26 in AChEI+ (\u22126%) (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01 from T1 to T4). As regards the NPI\u2010Q sub\u2010items, six of them (hallucinations, agitation\/aggression, depression\/dysphoria, anxiety, disinhibition and irritability\/lability) exhibited significant differences over time (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01) in favor of the AChEI\u00a0+\u00a0group (stabilization or improvement). Similar trends were observed when LOAD, LBD and VaD were considered separately. In contrast, for five domains (delusions, elation\/euphoria, motor disturbances, night\u2010time behaviors, and appetite\/eating changes) no differences were observed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study supports the potential role for AChEI in BPSD management, demonstrating a trend toward symptoms stabilization or improvement in patients with mild\u2010moderate dementia. Although the effects were not uniform across all NPI\u2010Q domains, and the limitations of the study, our results reinforces the relevance of AChEI in the comprehensive treatment of dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.70195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T15:34:08Z","timestamp":1769096048000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Long\u2010Term Effect of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors on Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Zuliani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna University of Ferrara  Ferrara Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Boscolo Bragadin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna University of Ferrara  Ferrara Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Romagnoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna University of Ferrara  Ferrara Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Polastri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna University of Ferrara  Ferrara Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Cervellati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna University of Ferrara  Ferrara Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5103-4496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco di Paola","family":"Dario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna University of Ferrara  Ferrara Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3907-0770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gloria","family":"Brombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna University of Ferrara  Ferrara Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4559-1292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Zuin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna University of Ferrara  Ferrara 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