{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T10:51:01Z","timestamp":1789383061318,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,4]],"date-time":"2002-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1038960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Geriat Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Signal hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging in late\u2010life depression are associated with treatment resistance and poor outcome. These lesions are probably vascular in origin and proposed sites for vascular damage include the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We therefore examined white matter in these areas for microvascular disease and evidence of ischemia using intercellular adhesion molecule\u20101 (ICAM\u20101) and vascular adhesion molecule\u20101 (VCAM\u20101). We obtained postmortem tissue from elderly depressed (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200920) and control (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200920) subjects and blindly rated microvascular disease and ICAM\u20101 and VCAM\u20101 amount using quantitative image analysis in sections of the DLPFC, ACC and occipital cortex (OC; control area).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found a significant increase in ICAM\u20101 in the deep white matter of the DLPFC in the depressed group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01) and a trend towards an increase for VCAM\u20101 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.10). In the gyral white matter there was a trend towards significance for both molecules (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.07 and 0.10). No differences were found in the ACC or OC or for microvascular disease in any area.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings are consistent with white matter ischemia in the DLPFC and lend support to the \u2018vascular depression\u2019 hypothesis. They implicate the DLPFC as an important site in the pathogenesis of late\u2010life depression and have major implications for the understanding and management of late\u2010life depression and raise the possibility of novel treatments being introduced in the future. Copyright \u00a9 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,23]],"date-time":"2002-12-23T23:07:46Z","timestamp":1040684866000},"page":"7-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Neuropathological evidence for ischemia in the white matter of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in late\u2010life depression"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Alan J.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Perry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajesh N.","family":"Kalaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur","family":"Oakley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"McMeekin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John T.","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830220033006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.4.562"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(97)00143-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"370","volume-title":"The Human Frontal Lobes","author":"Chui H","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(97)00990-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.63.6.749"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000051182"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.3.613"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.153.9.1212"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00363-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199502000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(95)00338-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.5.939"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7164.982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.168.4.477"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.28.3.652"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Carpenter's Human Neuroanatomy","author":"Parent A","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Coronal Maps of Brodmann Areas in the Human Brain","author":"Perry RH","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.5.617"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329179800693X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610297004432"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Increase in surface expression of ICAM\u20101, VCAM\u20101 and E\u2010selectin in human cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells subjected to ischemia\u2010like insults","volume":"70","author":"Stanimirovic DB","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Neurochirurgica\u2014Supplementum"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Co\u2010Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain","author":"Talairach J","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.340"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.70.1.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.10.1682"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.22.3.312"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fgps.720","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/gps.720","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T20:30:15Z","timestamp":1700253015000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/gps.720"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,4]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/gps.720"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.720","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-6230","1099-1166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-6230","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1166","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,4]]}}}