{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T08:53:57Z","timestamp":1788512037902,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]],"date-time":"2019-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":63,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["204799\/Z\/16\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["204799\/Z\/16\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hastings Center Report"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>A central problem for the international governance of heritable germline gene editing is that there are important differences in attitudes and values as well as ethical and health care considerations around the world. These differences are reflected in a complicated and diverse regulatory landscape. Several publications have discussed whether reproductive uses would be legally permissible in individual countries and whether clinical applications could emerge in the context of regulatory gaps and gray areas. Systematic comparative studies that explore issues related to the governance of this technology from different national and international perspectives are needed to address the lack of knowledge in this area. In this research report, we contribute to filling this gap by presenting views of stakeholders in the United Kingdom on challenges to the governance of heritable genome editing. We present findings from a multistakeholder study conducted in the United Kingdom between October 2016 and January 2018 and funded by the Wellcome Trust. This research included interviews, literature analysis, and a workshop. We involved leading U.K. scientists, in vitro fertilization clinicians, and representatives from regulatory bodies, patient organizations, and other civil societal organizations, as well as fertility companies. Part one of this article explores stakeholder perceptions of possible global developments in heritable genome editing and associated risks and governance challenges. Part two presents a range of policy options that were generated during the workshop in relation to the challenges discussed in part one<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hast.1006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]],"date-time":"2019-07-03T16:25:58Z","timestamp":1562171158000},"page":"30-42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Heritable Genome Editing in a Global Context: <i>National and International Policy Challenges<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Achim","family":"Rosemann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Balen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigitte","family":"Nerlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Hauskeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Sleeboom\u2010Faulkner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Hartley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1_1_6_1_2","volume-title":"Anticipatory Governance: Practical Upgrades","author":"Fuerth L. S.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1_1_6_2_2","unstructured":"Ibid."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","volume-title":"Genome Editing in Human Reproduction","author":"Nuffield Council on Bioethics","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","volume-title":"Human Genome Editing: Science, Ethics, and Governance","author":"National Academy of the Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15265161.2015.1103814"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","unstructured":"National Academy of the Sciences Engineering and Medicine Human Genome Editing."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bfgp\/elv053"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","unstructured":"A.Regalado \u201cChinese Scientists Are Creating CRISPR Babies \u201dMIT Technology Review November 25 2018 https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/s\/612458\/exclusive-chinese-scientists-are-creating-crispr-babies\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","unstructured":"D.Baltimoreet al. \u201cOn Human Genome Editing II: Statement by the Organizing Committee of the Second International Summit on Human Genome Editing \u201d National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine November 29 2018 http:\/\/www8.nationalacademies.org\/onpinews\/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=11282018b; X. M. Zhai et al. \u201cChinese Scientists Respond to the Case of He Jiankui \u201dBioethics Forum(blog) 2019 https:\/\/www.thehastingscenter.org\/chinese-bioethicists-respond-case-jiankui\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","unstructured":"D.Baltimoreet al. \u201cOn Human Genome Editing II.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41436-019-0492-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","unstructured":"Landeret al. \u201cAdopt a Moratorium on Heritable Genome Editing.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization \u201cWHO Expert Panel Paves the Way for Strong International Governance on Human Genome Editing \u201d March 19 2019 https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/detail\/19-03-2019-who-expert-panel-paves-way-for-strong-international-governance-on-human-genome-editing."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","unstructured":"P.Belluck \u201cW.H.O. Panel Demands a Registry for Human Genome Editing \u201dNew York Times March 19 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-12-108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","unstructured":"National Academy of the Sciences Engineering and Medicine Human Genome Editing; Nuffield Council on Bioethics Genome Editing in Human Reproduction."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/527446a"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Responsible Innovation in Human Germline Gene Editing: Background Document to the Recommendations of ESHG and ESHRE","volume":"1","author":"Wert G. De","year":"2018","journal-title":"Human Reproduction Open"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_2","unstructured":"National Academy of the Sciences Engineering and Medicine Human Genome Editing."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/522415a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_2","unstructured":"Nuffield Council on Bioethics Genome Editing in Human Reproduction."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_2","unstructured":"Ishii \u201cGermline Genome Editing in Clinics\u201d; De Wert et al. \u201cResponsible Innovation in Human Germline Gene Editing.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2009.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_2","unstructured":"National Academy of the Sciences Engineering and Medicine Human Genome Editing; Ishii \u201cGermline Genome Editing in Clinics.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1600891"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aag0426"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_2","unstructured":"Ishii \u201cGermline Genome Editing in Clinics\u201d; G. Q. Daley \u201cCurrent Research and Clinical Applications: Pathways to Translation \u201d Second International Summit on Human Genome Editing December 28 2018 http:\/\/www.nationalacademies.org\/gene-editing\/2nd_summit\/presentations\/index.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_2","unstructured":"Ishii \u201cGermline Genome Editing in Clinics.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_2","unstructured":"National Academy of the Sciences Engineering and Medicine Human Genome Editing."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13770-013-1116-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3884"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_2","unstructured":"Charo \u201cOn the Road (to a Cure?).\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_2","unstructured":"Ferrarettiet al. \u201cCross-Border Reproductive Care.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199975099.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/651043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_2","unstructured":"National Academy of the Sciences Engineering and Medicine Human Genome Editing."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_2","unstructured":"Nuffield Council on Bioethics Genome Editing in Human Reproduction; Howard et al. \u201cOne Small Edit for Humans One Giant Edit for Humankind?\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_2","unstructured":"Cohen Patients with Passports."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_2","unstructured":"A.Yan \u201cOfficial Ban Is No Brake on China's Surrogacy Sector \u201dSouth China Morning Post February 17 2017 http:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/society\/article\/2071548\/official-ban-no-brake-chinas-surrogacy-sector."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_2","unstructured":"McMahon \u201cThe Global Industry for Unproven Stem Cell Interventions and Stem Cell Tourism.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_2","unstructured":"Ibid.;Sippet al. \u201cMarketing of Unproven Stem Cell-Based Interventions.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_2","unstructured":"Charo \u201cOn the Road (to a Cure?).\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_2","volume-title":"J. Doudna talks to Adam Rutherford","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_2","unstructured":"Ishii \u201cGermline Genome Editing in Clinics.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_2","unstructured":"K\u00f6nig \u201cThe Illusion of Control in Germline-Engineering Policy.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_2","unstructured":"Ibid."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_2","unstructured":"Ibid."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2017.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1237146"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_2","unstructured":"National Academy of the Sciences Engineering and Medicine Human Genome Editing."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_2","unstructured":"Sippet al. \u201cMarketing of Unproven Stem Cell-Based Intervention.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_2","volume-title":"Knowing New Biotechnologies","author":"Hauskeller C.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_2","unstructured":"U.K. Government The Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008 (SI 2008 no. 1277) https:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/uksi\/2008\/1277\/contents\/made."}],"container-title":["Hastings Center Report"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fhast.1006","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hast.1006","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hast.1006","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hast.1006","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,27]],"date-time":"2023-08-27T11:31:26Z","timestamp":1693135886000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hast.1006"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hast.1006"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hast.1006","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0093-0334","1552-146X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0093-0334","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-146X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-07-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}