{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T10:27:17Z","timestamp":1744194437846},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,11]],"date-time":"2013-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hastings Center Report"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Nell Toussaint is not well. In recent years, she has been diagnosed with uterine fibroids, uncontrolled hypertension, nephrotic syndrome, poorly controlled diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a pulmonary embolism. She also suffers from decreased mobility, shortness of breath, and\u2010perhaps not surprisingly, given her other ailments\u2010anxiety. Toussaint is an indigent undocumented immigrant living in Canada who has been trying to secure medical coverage in the federal courts. In the process, she has sacrificed the medical confidentiality that most of us ordinarily enjoy<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Toussaint first came to Canada from Grenada as a visitor in 1999 and remained after the term of her visa expired. At first, she earned enough to sustain a living, but in 2006, her health began to deteriorate, and she was no longer able to work. Although she has received some medical care since then, it has been sporadic, on an emergency basis, and at great expense. When Toussaint applied for medical health coverage under Canada's Interim Medical Health Program, which covers the cost of emergency medical care for legally admitted indigents, her application was rejected. She challenged the decision in federal court on the grounds that her right to life and security of the person under the Canadian Charter had been violated and that the denial of coverage was discriminatory<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hast.124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,7]],"date-time":"2014-10-07T10:16:29Z","timestamp":1412676989000},"page":"10-11","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Undocumented Unwell"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Jonathan H.","family":"Marks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_1_1","unstructured":"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms 1982 http:\/\/laws\u2010lois.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/Const\/page\u201015.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","unstructured":"Nell Toussaint v. Attorney General of Canada 2010FC 80 (Zinn J.)."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","unstructured":"Nell Toussaint v. Attorney General of Canada 2011FCA 213."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","unstructured":"J.S.PasselandD.Cohn \u201cUnauthorized Immigrant Population: National and State Trends 2010 \u201d report Pew Hispanic Center February 1 2011."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","unstructured":"International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights G.A. res. 2200A (XXI) 21 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 16) at 49 U.N. Doc. A\/6316 (1966) 993 U.N.T.S. 3 entered into force January 3 1976 article 12."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","unstructured":"Committee on Economic Social and Cultural Rights General Comment No. 14 (2000)on the right to the highest attainable standard of health."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","unstructured":"International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families G.A. res. 45\/158 annex 45 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 49A) at 262 U.N. Doc. A\/45\/49 (1990) entered into force July 1 2003 article 28."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","unstructured":"International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families G.A. res. 45\/158 annex 45 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 49A) at 262 U.N. Doc. A\/45\/49 (1990) entered into force July 1 2003 articles 43(e) and 45(c)."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","first-page":"215","article-title":"Toward a Unified Theory of Professional Ethics and Human Rights","volume":"33","author":"Marks J.H.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Michigan Journal of International Law"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","unstructured":"American College of Physicians \u201cNational Immigration Policy and Access to Health Care \u201d policy paper American College of Physicians 2011."}],"container-title":["Hastings Center Report"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fhast.124","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hast.124","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T16:56:03Z","timestamp":1700672163000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hast.124"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hast.124"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hast.124","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0093-0334","1552-146X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0093-0334","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-146X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-01-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}