{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]],"date-time":"2026-07-05T03:06:59Z","timestamp":1783220819114,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":74,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hastings Center Report"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Biomedical science suffered a loss of trust during the Covid\u201019 pandemic. Why? One reason is a crisis fueled by confusion over the epistemology of science. Attacks on biomedical expertise rest on a mistaken view of what the justification is for crediting scientific information. The ideas that science is characterized by universal agreement and that any evolution or change of beliefs about facts and theories undermines trustworthiness in science are simply false. Biomedical science is trustworthy precisely because it is fallible, admits error, adjusts to new information, and, most importantly, is practical. Successful diagnosis and cure demarcate the boundaries of warranted knowledge. The other reason is sociological. As the pandemic made all too clear, the loss of faith in scientific experts was due to the failure of most of them to engage in regular public dialogue, reflecting a failure to recognize the obligation that science has to bolster trust in its work and findings by concerted public engagement<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hast.1531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T17:34:31Z","timestamp":1699983271000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Regaining Trust in Public Health and Biomedical Science following Covid: The Role of Scientists"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Arthur L.","family":"Caplan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_1_1","unstructured":"B.Kennedy A.Tyson andC.Funk \u201cAmericans\u2019 Trust in Scientists Other Groups Declines \u201d Pew Research Center February 15 2022 athttps:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/science\/2022\/02\/15\/americans-trust-in-scientists-other-groups-declines\/."},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_4_2_1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C.Fonsecaet al. \"People with More Extreme Attitudes towards Science Have Self-Confidence in Their Understanding of Science Even If This Is Not Justified \"PLOS Biology(2023): doi:10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001915","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001915"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_4_2_1.2","unstructured":"D. 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Mills \"Why So Many Americans Are Losing Trust in Science \"New York Times October 3 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_1","volume-title":"New Pragmatists","author":"Misak C.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108635738"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-9327(00)01387-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/soej.12493"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wmh3.449"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_8_1","unstructured":"Bylund and Packard \u201cSeparation of Power and Expertise.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_9_1","unstructured":"W.Sullivan \u201cOnset of Human Life: Answer on Crucial Moment Elusive \u201dNew York Times May 4 1981."},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_4_10_1","article-title":"When Does Human Life Begin?","volume":"34","author":"Caplan A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Free Inquiry"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_11_1","unstructured":"E.Cooney \u201c'I'm Deeply Concerned\u2019: Francis Collins on Trust in Science How Covid Communications Failed and His Current Obsession \u201dSTAT News September 19 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01989-15"}],"container-title":["Hastings Center Report"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hast.1531","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T17:08:24Z","timestamp":1717607304000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hast.1531"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hast.1531"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hast.1531","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0093-0334","1552-146X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0093-0334","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-146X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-11-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}