{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T23:03:11Z","timestamp":1790290991136,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":53,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001068","name":"Dana Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001068","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hastings Center Report"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Patient narratives from two investigational deep brain stimulation trials for traumatic brain injury and obsessive\u2010compulsive disorder reveal that injury and illness rob individuals of personal identity and that neuromodulation can restore it. The early success of these interventions makes a compelling case for continued post\u2010trial access to these technologies. Given the centrality of personal identity to respect for persons, a failure to provide continued access can be understood to represent a metaphorical identity theft. Such a loss recapitulates the pain of an individual's initial injury or illness and becomes especially tragic because it could be prevented by robust policy. A failure to fulfill this normative obligation constitutes a breach of disability law, which would view post\u2010trial access as a means to achieve social reintegration through this neurotechnological accommodation<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hast.1567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T09:22:56Z","timestamp":1708680176000},"page":"34-41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Identity Theft, Deep Brain Stimulation, and the Primacy of Post\u2010trial Obligations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Joseph J.","family":"Fins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda R.","family":"Merner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan S.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"L\u00e1zaro\u2010Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jme.2005.012583"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10738584221086603"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21507740.2023.2257170"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-54651-3_4","volume-title":"The Debate about Neuroethics: Perspectives on the Field's Development, Focus, and Future","author":"Fins J. J.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","volume-title":"Reasons and Persons","author":"Parfit D.","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12152-019-09418-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02638-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2023.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12152-019-09419-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/6\/5\/050201"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","unstructured":"Schiffet al. \u201cThalamic Deep Brain Stimulation in Traumatic Brain Injury.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ibid.; S. D. Yeatts et al. \u201cSliding Scoring of the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended as Primary Outcome in Traumatic Brain Injury Trials \u201dNeurotrauma37 no.24(2020):2674\u201379.","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2019.6969"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"600","volume-title":"Behavioral Improvements with Thalamic Stimulation after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury","author":"Schiff N. D.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0963180123000518"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"Seeparts 1 and 2 of Finset al. \u201cSubject and Family Perspectives from the Central Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation for Traumatic Brain Injury Study.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","unstructured":"Ibid."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","unstructured":"This project is ongoing and data are pending. For additional information see \u201cDevelopment of Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation for OCD (Phase Ia)\u201d athttps:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT03457675?term=nct03457675&rank=1and \u201cDevelopment of Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation for OCD (Phase Ib)\u201d athttps:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT04281134?term=nct04281134&rank=1 both pages accessed February 6 2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","unstructured":"Merneret al. \u201cParticipant Perceptions of Changes in Psychosocial Domains following Participation in an Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation Trial.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10544-015-9934-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-013-0297-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hast.1566"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","first-page":"44","article-title":"The Patient's Work","volume":"14","author":"Groopman L.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","volume-title":"No Man Alone: A Neurosurgeon's Life","author":"Penfield W.","year":"1977"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","first-page":"525","article-title":"Olmstead Enforcements for Moderate to Severe Brain Injury: The Pursuit of Civil Rights through the Application of Law, Neuroscience, and Ethics","volume":"95","author":"Shapiro Z. E.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tulane Law Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","unstructured":"Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 Pub. L. 101-336.26 104 Stat (July 1990)."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","first-page":"265","article-title":"The Neglect of Persons with Severe Brain Injury: An International Human Rights Analysis","volume":"22","author":"Ad Hoc Committee on a Comprehensive and Integral International Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Rights and Dignity of Persons with Disabilities","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health and Human Rights Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2020.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","first-page":"313","article-title":"Justice and Severe Brain Injury: Legal Remedies for a Marginalized Population","volume":"45","author":"Wright M. S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Florida State University Law Review"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","first-page":"1729","article-title":"Designing an Americans with Abilities Act: Consciousness, Capabilities, and Civil Rights","volume":"63","author":"Shapiro Z. E.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Boston College Law Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. S.WrightandJ. J.Fins \u201cRegulating Posttrial Access to In-Dwelling Class III Neural Devices \u201d inThe Future of Medical Device Regulation: Innovation and Protection ed. I. G Cohen et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2022) 256-67.","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108975452.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","unstructured":"Called\u201cPost-trial Access Clinical Care Psychosocial Support and Scientific Progress in Experimental Deep Brain Stimulation Research\u201d (project RO1MH133657) this study is a research collaboration between Harvard Medical School and Weill Cornell Medical College with L\u00e1zaro-Mu\u00f1oz and Fins as multiple principal investigators."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195388930.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","unstructured":"J. J.Fins review ofMoral Entanglements: The Ancillary-Care Obligations of Medical Researchers by H. S. Richardson Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews2013 http:\/\/ndpr.nd.edu\/news\/40053-moral-entanglements\/; see also Fins Rights Come to Mind."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","unstructured":"L\u00e1zaro-Mu\u00f1ozet al. \u201cContinued Access to Investigational Brain Implants.\u201d"}],"container-title":["Hastings Center Report"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hast.1567","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T11:28:42Z","timestamp":1711106922000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hast.1567"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hast.1567"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hast.1567","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0093-0334","1552-146X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0093-0334","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-146X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-02-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}