{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T03:37:43Z","timestamp":1778125063227,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]],"date-time":"2024-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":49,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hastings Center Report"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>In response to the increasing number of mentally ill people experiencing homelessness, some policy\u2010makers have called for the expanded use of involuntary commitment, even for individuals who are not engaging in behaviors that are immediately life\u2010threatening. Yet there is no evidence that involuntary commitment offers long\u2010term benefits, and significant reasons to believe that expanding the practice will cause harm. In addition, these proposals ignore research showing that most people with mental illness have the capacity to make medical decisions for themselves. Rather than expanding the use of involuntary commitment, policy\u2010makers should support approaches proven to decrease the prevalence of homelessness, such as supportive housing. In addition, states should reevaluate their commitment standards for persons who pose no risk of harm to others. One promising approach is Northern Ireland's Mental Health Capacity Act of 2016, which establishes a uniform standard for imposing nonconsensual health care interventions, without any distinction between mental illnesses and other conditions in which capacity might be compromised<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hast.1574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]],"date-time":"2024-04-19T09:40:31Z","timestamp":1713519631000},"page":"8-11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Holding the Guardrails on Involuntary Commitment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Carl H.","family":"Coleman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_1","unstructured":"\u201cMental Health Involuntary Removals \u201d NYC.gov November 28 2022 https:\/\/www.nyc.gov\/assets\/home\/downloads\/pdf\/press-releases\/2022\/Mental-Health-Involuntary-Removals.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"L.Drake \u201cPortland Mayor Suggests Easing Process to Involuntarily Commit People with Mental Health Struggles \u201d Oregon Public Broadcasting December 12 2022 https:\/\/www.opb.org\/article\/2022\/12\/12\/portland-mayor-ted-wheeler-suggests-easing-process-involuntarily-commit-mentally-ill\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.4462"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"J.Cantarero \u201cThe Ethics of Civil Commitment \u201dJournal of Health & Biomedical LawXVI (2020): 105-26."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","unstructured":"422 U.S. 563 (1975)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","unstructured":"Ibid."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","unstructured":"422 U.S. 563 at 575."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","unstructured":"See e.g. S.D. CODIFIED LAWS \u00a7 27A-1-1(7)(b)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","unstructured":"See e.g. LA. REV. STAT. ANN. \u00a7 28:2(13)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","unstructured":"In re Detention of LaBelle 107 Wn.2d 196 728 P.2d 138 (Wash. 1986)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","unstructured":"In re Treatment of Mays 116 Wn.App. 864 68 P.3d 1114 (2003); see also In re N.N. 146 N.J. 112 (1996) (which states \u201cThe parens patriae power to authorize involuntary commitment is generally restricted to instances in which the individual poses a danger to self\u201d); Colyar v. Third Judicial Dist. Court 469 F. Supp. 424 (D. Utah 1979) (stating \u201c[A]n individual who is not a danger to himself cannot be involuntarily committed under the parens patriae power\u201d)."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"127","article-title":"Settling the Doubts about the Constitutionality of Outpatient Commitment","volume":"31","author":"Geller J.","year":"2005","journal-title":"New England Journal on Criminal and Civil Confinement"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","unstructured":"Ind. Code Ann. \u00a7 12-7-2-96."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","unstructured":"Ind. Code Ann. \u00a7 12-7-2-53."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","unstructured":"Alaska Stat. \u00a7 47.30.915(9)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","unstructured":"Utah Code Ann. \u00a7 26B-5-301(24)(f)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540261.2022.2119074"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-021-02048-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.FaissnerandE.Braun \u201cThe Ethics of Coercion in Mental Healthcare: The Role of Structural Racism \u201dJournal of Medical Ethics(2023): doi:10.1136\/jme-2023-108984.","DOI":"10.1136\/jme-2023-108984"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15265161.2019.1654557"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sltb.12560"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073110518782943"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.20220296"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","first-page":"458","article-title":"Medical Licensure Questions about Mental Illness and Compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act","volume":"46","author":"Jones J. T. R.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.20030319"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","unstructured":"Towner v. Ridgway 272 P.3d 765 2012 UT App. 35 (Utah Ct. App. 2012)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.202100342"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30406-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/jme.2022.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","unstructured":"See e.g. People ex rel. Illinois Dep't of Corrections v. Millard 335 Ill. App.3d 1066 (2003)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","unstructured":"Sell v. United States 539 U.S. 166 (2003)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Cruzan's Legacy in Autonomy","volume":"73","author":"Cerminara K. L.","year":"2020","journal-title":"SMU Law Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","first-page":"257","article-title":"Dementia, Autonomy, and Supported Healthcare Decision Making","volume":"79","author":"Wright M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Maryland Law Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","first-page":"1693","article-title":"The End of End-of-Life Law","volume":"92","author":"Shepherd L.","year":"2014","journal-title":"North Carolina Law Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","unstructured":"Hooper Lundy& Bookman Inc. and R. W. Lundy Treatise on Health Care Law vol. 4 (Matthew Bender Elite Products 2023) \u00a7 20.04(4)(g)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","unstructured":"Iowa Code \u00a7 229.1(22)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","unstructured":"Borecky Thomsen andDubov \u201cReweighing the Ethical Tradeoffs in the Involuntary Hospitalization of Suicidal Patients.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp074045"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","unstructured":"See for example Matter of Fosmire v. Nicoleau 75 N.Y.2d 218 551 N.Y.S.2d 876 551 N.E.2d 77 (N.Y. 1990)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","unstructured":"E.Dohleret al. Supportive Housing Helps Vulnerable People Live and Thrive in the Community(Center on Budget and Policy Priorities May 31 2016) https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/supportive-housing-helps-vulnerable-people-live-and-thrive-in-the-community."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","unstructured":"BazelonCenter Diversion to What? 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