{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T21:40:58Z","timestamp":1774474858810,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,15]],"date-time":"2016-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hastings Center Report"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Should monkeys be used in painful and often deadly infectious disease research that may save many human lives? This is the challenging question that Anne Barnhill, Steven Joffe, and Franklin G. Miller take on in their carefully argued and compelling article \u201cThe Ethics of Infection Challenges in Primates.\u201d The authors offer a nuanced and even\u2010handed position that takes philosophical worries about nonhuman primate moral status seriously and still appreciates the very real value of such research for human welfare. Overall, they argue for an extension and revision of the recommendations regarding chimpanzee research offered by the Institute of Medicine in 2011; the practical upshot of their argument would allow for infection challenge research for promising interventions for Ebola and Marburg virus diseases but not for smallpox or the common cold. The IOM recommendations regarding chimpanzee research put in motion an exceptionalist policy for this great ape population. Barnhill and colleagues\u2019 proposal would enlarge the scope of that exceptionalism to embrace NHPs other than great apes. But is such exceptionalism warranted? It is not obvious to me either that the more sophisticated capacities of a species as a whole give it greater ethical protections or that less intellectually or socially sophisticated animals ought to therefore receive less protection when it comes to painful experimental interventions.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hast.602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,15]],"date-time":"2016-07-15T10:36:54Z","timestamp":1468579014000},"page":"28-30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Beyond Primates: <i>Research Protections and Animal Moral Value<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Rebecca L.","family":"Walker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hast.580"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","volume-title":"The National Academies Collection: Reports Funded by National Institute of Health","author":"Institute of Medicine, Committee on the Use of Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","first-page":"S27","volume-title":"Animal Research Ethics: Evolving Views and Practices, special report, Hastings Center Report","author":"Kahn J.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","unstructured":"Barnhill Joffe andMiller \u201cThe Ethics of Infection Challenges in Primates \u201d 24."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/0195079981.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","article-title":"Directive 2010\/63\/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2010 on the Protection of Animals Used for Scientific Purposes","author":"European Union","year":"2010","journal-title":"Official Journal of the European Union"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","unstructured":"Barnhill Joffe andMiller \u201cThe Ethics of Infection Challenges in Primates \u201d 24."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","unstructured":"U.S. Public Health Service \u201cU.S. Government Principles for the Utilization and Care of Vertebrate Animals Used in Testing Research and Training \u201d in \u201cPublic Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals \u201d Department of Health and Human Services National Institutes of Health Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare http:\/\/grants.nih.gov\/grants\/olaw\/references\/phspol.htm#USGovPrinciples."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","unstructured":"Barnhill Joffe andMiller \u201cThe Ethics of Infection Challenges in Primates \u201d 24."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","unstructured":"U.S. Code of Federal Regulations Title 9\u2014Animals and Animal Products Volume 1 2009\u201001\u201001 Subchapter A\u2014Animal Welfare Part 2 Subpart C \u00a72.31(d)(iv)(A)."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","unstructured":"Barnhill Joffe andMiller \u201cThe Ethics of Infection Challenges in Primates \u201d 24."}],"container-title":["Hastings Center Report"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fhast.602","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hast.602","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T12:30:25Z","timestamp":1695731425000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hast.602"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hast.602"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hast.602","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0093-0334","1552-146X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0093-0334","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-146X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-07-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}