{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T20:22:13Z","timestamp":1761164533731,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":44,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hastings Center Report"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>The Alabama Supreme Court recently held that embryos are children for purposes of the state's Wrongful Death of a Minor Act, causing in vitro fertilization (IVF) clinics to halt operations. While an emergency measure was passed to allow fertility services to resume, the governor made clear that it was a temporary fix and that regulations could follow. Indeed, some argue that IVF would have to be outlawed given the risk of loss of embryonic life inherent therein. But lawmakers could use the doctrine of double effect to justify IVF as a means of assisting people to have children notwithstanding a foreseen but unintended risk of loss of embryonic life. Even still, if governments intend to take embryonic personhood seriously, legislatures will have to make difficult decisions about whether certain activities such as cryopreservation, preimplantation genetic screening, and multiembryo transfers ought to be restricted to mitigate the risk of embryonic loss<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hast.70017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T19:47:05Z","timestamp":1760557625000},"page":"2-6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["IVF, Double Effects, and Risks to Embryonic Persons"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Jonathan F.","family":"Will","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_1_1","unstructured":"LePage v. Ctr. for Reprod. Med. P.C. and Mobile Infirmary Ass'n. 403 So. 3d 747 749(Ala.2024)."},{"volume-title":"Alabama Governor Signs Bill to Protect IVF Treatments into Law","year":"2024","author":"Edelman A.","key":"e_1_2_4_2_1"},{"volume-title":"Alabama Legislature Approves Bills to Protect IVF after State Supreme Court Ruling","year":"2024","author":"Quinn M.","key":"e_1_2_4_3_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davis v. Davis 842 S.W.2d 588 595(Tenn.1992).","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01194853"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_5_1","unstructured":"LA REV. STAT. ANN. \u00a7 9:129-130(2024)."},{"volume-title":"An Uptick in State Personhood Bills Fuels Growing Fears over IVF Restrictions","year":"2024","author":"Edelman A.","key":"e_1_2_4_6_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_7_1","first-page":"450","volume-title":"Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise, Project 2025","author":"Dans P.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0098858800012077"},{"volume-title":"Americans Overwhelmingly Say Access to IVF Is a Good Thing","year":"2024","author":"Borelli G.","key":"e_1_2_4_9_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_10_1","unstructured":"For a more detailed discussion seeJ.Will \u201cEmbryonic Children Double Effects and the Regulation of Reproductive Technologies \u201dMississippi Law Journal95(forthcoming)."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_11_1","unstructured":"T.Aquinas Summa Theologiae II-II ques. 64 art. 7."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/004056394901000102"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vacco v. Quill 521 U.S. 793 807 n.11(1997).","DOI":"10.1007\/s004649900454"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_14_1","unstructured":"SeeAmerican Society for Reproductive Medicine \u201cUS IVF Usage Increases in 2023 Leads to over 95 000 Babies Born \u201d press release April 23 2025 https:\/\/www.asrm.org\/news-and-events\/asrm-news\/press-releasesbulletins\/us-ivf-usage-increases-in-2023-leads-to-over-95000-babies-born\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_15_1","unstructured":"See generallySociety for Assisted Reproductive Technology \u201cFinal National Summary Report for 2022 \u201dhttps:\/\/sartcorsonline.com\/Csr\/Public?ClinicPKID=0&reportingYear=2022&newReport=True#patient-cumulative."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp048145"},{"volume-title":"Embryo Quality Grading Predicts Transfer Success after Thawing","year":"2024","author":"Kurek E.","key":"e_1_2_4_17_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/medlaw\/fwi041"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_19_1","unstructured":"Gesetz zum Schutz von Embryonen (ESchG) [The embryo protection act] December 13 1990 Bundesrat Drucksachen [BR] 69\/90 at 2746 (Ger.) translation available athttp:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/cae\/servlet\/contentblob\/480804\/publicationFile\/5162\/EmbryoProtectionAct.pdf."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_4_20_1","first-page":"199","article-title":"The Ambiguous Meaning of Human Conception","volume":"40","author":"Jr P. Peters","year":"2009","journal-title":"U.C. Davis Law Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_4_21_1","first-page":"283","article-title":"Predicting Probability: Regulating the Future of Preimplantation Genetic Screening","volume":"8","author":"King J.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Yale Journal of Health Policy, Law, and Ethics"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a036681"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_23_1","unstructured":"King \u201cPredicting Probability.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.050"}],"container-title":["Hastings Center Report"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hast.70017","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T18:19:26Z","timestamp":1761070766000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hast.70017"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hast.70017"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hast.70017","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0093-0334","1552-146X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0093-0334"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1552-146X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}