{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T04:32:21Z","timestamp":1693197141997},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,16]],"date-time":"2018-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":46,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hastings Center Report"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>In 2010, a South Carolina mother was taken to court when her fourteen\u2010year\u2010old son reached 555 pounds. An article on the story reported, \u201cHis mother, Jerri Gray, lost custody of her son and is being charged with criminal neglect. Gray is facing 15 years on two felony counts, the first U.S. felony case involving childhood obesity.\u201d If the caretakers of obese children are negligent, then they are also morally and legally blameworthy. I want to suggest, however, that important ethical differences exist between negligent or abusive caretakers and the caretakers of obese children and that these differences ought to make a moral and legal difference. The distinctions are nuanced, and the ethical pictures in cases of abuse, neglect, and obesity are far from black and white. However, the various types of harm that children face from their caretakers should be placed in neither the same ethical nor the same legal category.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>When children are beaten or sexually molested, the justification for taking them out of the home is clear: the caretakers are violating the rights of their children. Similarly, with neglect, caretakers are failing to provide their children the necessities to which they are entitled. The central question that I want to address in this article is whether the actions (or inaction) of caretakers that allow a child to become obese are morally or practically analogous to physical abuse or neglect. Ultimately, I will argue that parenting that allows a child to become obese is so morally different from both abuse and neglect that it is best understood as falling outside these categories altogether. This conclusion has important moral, practical, and legal implications<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hast.871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,16]],"date-time":"2018-08-16T14:00:30Z","timestamp":1534428030000},"page":"31-41","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Are Obese Children Abused Children?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Maura","family":"Priest","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","article-title":"Should Child Obesity Be Considered Child Abuse?","author":"Dolgoff J.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Huffington Post"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"Ibid."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39259.602245.DB"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","article-title":"Pro\/Con: Does Obesity Qualify as Child Abuse?","author":"Ogilvie J. P.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Los Angeles Times"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","unstructured":"While not all forms of child abuse are physical physical abuse will be the point of comparison for the purposes of this article."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","unstructured":"Perhaps some cancers such as lung cancer caused by secondhand smoke do not fit this description."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","unstructured":"See K.Antonia \u201cShould the State Remove Fat Kids from Their Homes? \u201dXX Factor(blog) Slate July 13 2011 http:\/\/www.slate.com\/blogs\/xx_factor\/2011\/07\/13\/two_harvard_researchers_advocate_putting_extremely_obese_kids_in.html;"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","article-title":"Seventy\u2010Four Kids Taken into Care for Their Own Protection As They Are Too Fat","author":"Bagot M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mirror"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_3","article-title":"Obese Third Grader Taken from Mom, Placed in Foster Care","author":"Newcomb A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"ABC News"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_4","article-title":"Should Morbid Childhood Obesity Be Considered Child Abuse?","author":"Yam P.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scientific American Blog Network"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","article-title":"The Foster Care Crisis: The Shortage of Foster Parents in America","author":"DeGarmo J.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Huffington Post"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","article-title":"Foster Parent Shortage Dire as Heroin Overdoses Rise","author":"Park J.","year":"2017","journal-title":"ABC News"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10560-011-0247-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_4","first-page":"5","article-title":"Children, Families, and Foster Care: Analysis and Recommendations","author":"Bass S.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Future of Children"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjsw\/bcq073"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-2656"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2013.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","unstructured":"There are of course many possibilities for why parents might be neglectful. Some of these are situations for which moral blame is mitigated. Parents might for instance be taking care of another sick loved one or lack the funds to afford child care. In order to have a more streamlined discussion I will put these cases aside and focus on cases in which the neglect is caused by something besides a competing moral duty."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","unstructured":"SeeDolgoff \u201cShould Child Obesity Be Considered Child Abuse?\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","unstructured":"Ibid."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2017.103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.903"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","unstructured":"Another possibility is that the parent is incapacitated due to drug use. This again highlights a difference between one type of negligent caretaker and the caretakers of obese children. If parental drug addiction is interfering with the ability to parent one child then likely that addiction is also going to interfere with the ability to parent brothers and sisters. However a caretaker with one obese child could still do a fine job of raising a second child. There is something fundamentally problematic with drug\u2010addicted caretakers that is not analogous to the situation with caretakers of obese children."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0009.12106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","unstructured":"Los Angeles Times 2011 Parents to Pediatricians: Don't Tell Me My Kid's \u2018Fat"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.2814"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appdev.2011.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2011.00880.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2752\/175174410X12699432700863"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2013.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-3841"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.636"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.133.4.557"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2010.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118410868.wbehibs450"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneb.2008.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2014.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.4226"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","first-page":"48","article-title":"Accessibility to Dental Health Care: Risk Factor in Oral Health at Rural Area Community","volume":"59","author":"Popovici R. A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Revista de Cercetare si Interventie Sociala"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.96_12887"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2009.02202.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6155.2001.tb00124.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-1789(00)00024-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.72.3.500"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00438-015-1015-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1556"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.54.101601.152403"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.140"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddl215"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","unstructured":"For the federal government's legal guidelines on mandated reporters seeU.S. Department of Health and Human Services Child Welfare Information Gateway \u201cMandatory Reporters of Child Abuse and Neglect \u201d2016 https:\/\/www.childwelfare.gov\/topics\/systemwide\/laws-policies\/statutes\/manda\/. Information on how to access guidelines specific to state statutes is also available on this Child Welfare Information Gateway website."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-0786"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6171.2008.00134.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","first-page":"91","article-title":"Complex Trauma and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents Placed in Foster Care: Findings from the National Child Traumatic Stress Network","volume":"90","author":"Greeson J. K. P.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Child Welfare"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-012-0563-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-0712"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-1485"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/21.4.505"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-4289-2_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.62.1.191"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","unstructured":"One possibility is that the child is removed from the home for the sake of undergoing weight\u2010loss surgery. This issue is far too complex to go into here. However it is worth noting that in general the purpose of home removal in such cases is to undergo a surgical operation that must take place at a hospital. After the operation the intention would be to return the child to the home as soon as possible."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Child Abuse and Neglect Hotline","volume":"19","author":"Child Protective Services, State of Missouri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Missouri Department of Social Services"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","first-page":"84","article-title":"Frequently Asked Questions: How and Where Do I Report Child Abuse and\/or Maltreatment?","volume":"19","author":"Child Protective Services, State of New York","year":"2018","journal-title":"New York State Office of Children and Family Services"}],"container-title":["Hastings Center Report"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fhast.871","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hast.871","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hast.871","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hast.871","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,27]],"date-time":"2023-08-27T03:43:39Z","timestamp":1693107819000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hast.871"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hast.871"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hast.871","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0093-0334","1552-146X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0093-0334","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-146X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-08-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}